Blood Pressure Agents - General Flashcards
1
Q
BP is determined by
A
- Heart rate
- Stroke volume: amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each beat
- Total peripheral resistance
2
Q
If HTN remains untreated
A
- CAD and Cardiac death
- Renal failure
- Stroke
- Loss of vision
3
Q
Normal BP
A
<120/<80 mm Hg
4
Q
Elevated BP
A
120-129/<80 mm Hg
5
Q
Stage 1 Hypertension
A
130-139/80-89 mm Hg
6
Q
Stage 2 Hypertension
A
> 140/>90 mm Hg
7
Q
Factors known to increase BP
A
- High levels of stress
- Exposure to high frequency noise
- High-salt diet
- Lack of rest
- Genetic predisposition
8
Q
Considerations for children
A
- HTN most likely to be secondary
- Use drug therapy with caution
- Lifestyle changes first
- Follow-up needed
- Mild diuretic (monitor glucose and electrolytes)
- Calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers
- NO ARBs or ACEs
9
Q
Considerations for adults
A
- Adverse effects should be reported immediately
- ACE/ARB/Renin inhibitors should not be used in pregnancy
- Labetalol is first choice in pregnancy is necessary
- Drugs enter breastmilk
10
Q
Considerations for older adults
A
- Reduce dose
- Close monitoring
- Fall risk reduction
- Monitor to dehydration
- Evaluate BP before admin of drugs
11
Q
Drugs affecting the RAAS
A
- ACE inhibitors
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
- Renin inhibitors
12
Q
SNS blockers
A
- Beta blockers
- Alpha-adrenergic blockers
- Alpha and beta blockers
- Alpha 2 agonist
13
Q
Drugs affecting the RAAS: Assessment
A
- History: allergy, pregnancy, impaired kidney fx, salt/volume depletion, HF
- Physical: cardiac, respiratory, abdominal, skin, VS, weight
- Labs: renal fx, electrolytes, pregnancy test
14
Q
Drugs affecting the RAAS: Nursing Diagnoses
A
- Ineffective tissue perfusion
- Impaired skin integrity
- Acute pain
- Deficient knowledge
15
Q
Drugs affecting the RAAS: Implementation
A
- Encourage lifestyle changes
- Use of barrier contraceptives
- Monitor the pt carefully in any situation that may lead to a drop in fluid volume
- Provide pt teaching
