ANAPHY LESSON 3 MIDTERM (NERVOUS SYSTEM) hindi pa done Flashcards
is the body’s communication and
control system
nervous system
It helps coordinate body
functions, allowing us to move, think, feel, and maintain
homeostasis
nervous system
Main Parts of the Nervous System:
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Consists of the brain and
spinal cord; processes information and controls responses
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Includes all nerves outside
the CNS; carries signals between the body and CNS.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
FUNCTION OF NERVOUS SYSTM
Receiving Sensory Input
Integrating Information
Controlling Muscles & Glands
Maintaining Homeostasis
Mental Activity
Detects external and internal stimuli
Receiving Sensory Input –
Processes sensory input, leading to
immediate responses, memory storage, or no response.
Integrating Information –
Regulates skeletal, cardiac, and
smooth muscles, as well as glands.
Controlling Muscles & Glands –
Adjusts body functions to maintain a
stable internal environment.
Maintaining Homeostasis –
Supports consciousness, memory, and
thinking.
Mental Activity –
are the basic units of
the nervous system
Neurons
produced by
Schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS.
Myelin Sheath
This process, known as saltatory conduction, ensures faster and more
efficient signal transmission compared to unmyelinated axons.
Nodes of Ranvier
These nodes allow electrical impulses to jump from one node to another
Nodes of Ranvier
synapse is the functional connection between two neurons or
between a neuron and an effector cell
Synapse
Sends the signal.
Presynaptic neuron –
The gap between neurons where
neurotransmitters are released.
Synaptic cleft –
Receives the signal via receptors.
Postsynaptic neuron –
Types of Nerve Cells Based on Function:
Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neurons)
Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons)
Interneurons (Association Neurons)`
Carry sensory
information from receptors (e.g., skin, eyes, ears) to the CNS.
Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neurons)
Transmit signals from
the CNS to muscles or glands to initiate movement or
secretion.
Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons)
Found in the CNS, they
connect sensory and motor neurons and play a role in
reflexes and processing information
Interneurons (Association Neurons)
Types of Nerve CellsBased on Structure
Multipolar Neurons
Bipolar Neurons
Unipolar (Pseudounipolar) Neurons
Have one axon and multiple
dendrite
Multipolar Neurons
Have one axon and one dendrite
Bipolar Neurons
Unipolar (Pseudounipolar) Neurons
Unipolar (Pseudounipolar) Neurons
maintain the blood brain barrier
astrocytes
produce myelin in the CNS
oligodendrocytes
act as immune cells of the CNS
microglia
line the ventricles of the brain
ependymal cells
4 glial cells in CNS
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
produce myelin in the PNS
schwann cells
surround and support nueron cell bodies in the PNS
satellite cells
2 glial cells in PNS
schwann cells
satellite cells
Signal Transmission in the Nervous System
resting state
depolarizing phase
repolarizing phase begins
repolarizing phase continues
gaps in the
myelin sheath
Nodes of
Ranvier
allows signals to travel
faster compared to
unmyelinated neurons
saltatory conduction,
Reflex Arc Components:
- Receptor: Detects the stimulus.
- Sensory Neuron: Sends signals to the spinal cord.
- Interneuron: Processes information.
- Motor Neuron: Sends a response signal
- Effector: Produces a response
consists of the brain and spinal cord.
It serves as the
control center of the body
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Largest region,
responsible for higher cognitive
functions
Cerebrum
