9/30/21

Question 1

In pediatric head trauma, if a patient is asymptomatic after being observed for 4-6 hours, what return precautions should the parents be given?

Answer 1

Seek immediate care for lethargy, irritability, focal deficits and intractable vomiting.

Question 2

Hypothermia ecg finding

Answer 2

ECG: Osborn (J wave)

Question 3

Hard signs in neck trauma

Answer 3

expanding hematoma
diminished pulse
paralysis
hemorrhage
stroke

Question 4

What is the most common complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Answer 4

Delayed cerebral vasospasm and ischemia.

Question 5

The finding of certain organisms on blood culture should always be thought to represent true bacteremia when isolated. This includes

Answer 5

Candida albicans
Enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 6

True or false: Ceftriaxone provides adequate coverage for infections related to P. aeruginosa?

Answer 6

False. Cefepime, ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin are all antibiotics that would provide adequate coverage.

Question 7

What is the appropriate treatment for cecal volvulus?

Answer 7

Surgical resection

Question 8

Marathon running is a risk factor for _________ volvulus.

Answer 8

cecal

Question 9

Non-ocular physical exam finding to suggest central cause of vertigo

Answer 9

inability to ambulate without support suggests a central cause

Only 10% of patients with a central cerebellar cause will lack a focal deficit and of these, the majority will be unable to ambulate without assistance or exhibit multidirectional nystagmus.

Question 10

What condition is caused by a preceding viral illness followed by vertigo, ataxia, and intact hearing?

Answer 10

Vestibular neuritis.

Question 11

What is an internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

Answer 11

Frequently seen in patients with multiple sclerosis, it is an interruption of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, causing adductor weakness in the affected eye. As a result, patients are unable to perform medial gaze.

Question 12

The soft signs of penetrating neck trauma include

Answer 12

minor hemoptysis
hematemesis
dysphonia
dysphagia
subcutaneous or mediastinal air
non-expanding hematoma

Question 13

Which pathogen is chronic diarrhea in patients with AIDS most commonly caused by?

Answer 13

Cryptosporidium.

Question 14

A total ascitic white blood cell count of ___________ or a neutrophil count of >250/mm3 is diagnostic for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Answer 14

> 1000/mm3

Question 15

In a patient with a dirty wound, how soon after the last booster is a repeat tetanus booster indicated?

Answer 15

Patients with dirty wounds should have a tetanus booster if it has been > 5 years since their last dose.

Question 16

tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by four abnormalities

Answer 16

right ventricular outflow obstruction
a ventricular septal defect
an overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy

Mnemonic: PROVe:: Pulmonic stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Overriding aorta, VSD

Question 17

______________ is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease

Answer 17

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 18

What is the most common acyanotic congenital heart defect?

Answer 18

Ventricular septal defect

Question 19

The first-line treatment of VTE in pregnancy includes anticoagulation with _______________

Answer 19

heparin or low-molecular weight heparin