10/30/21 bonus Flashcards
Phosgene Poisoning
- interferes with oxygen diffusion across the alveoli–> respiratory distress.
- smells like freshly cut hay or grass
- treatment is supportive
Sarin Poisoning
- organophosphate nerve gas–> cholinergic toxidrome.
- Treatment is with atropine and pralidoxime.
Parkland formula
4 mL × weight (kg) × % total BSA burned
What is the difference between condyloma acuminatum and condyloma lata?
Condyloma acuminatum are broad-based, pedunculated, cauliflower-like warts caused by human papillomavirus.
Condyloma lata are broad-based, flat, moist papules due to Treponema pallidum.
What management is indicated for patients with sickle cell disease who have an acute ischemic stroke?
Exchange transfusion.
What is the mechanism of action of tranexamic acid?
Reduces plasminogen activation to plasmin
–> preventing binding to fibrin thus inhibiting clot breakdown
TXA Dose
The dose is 1 gram IV bolus over 10 minutes followed by 1 gram IV over 8 hours.
Penetrating Neck Trauma zones
Zone I: clavicle to cricoid cartilage (highest morbidity and mortality)
Zone II: cricoid cartilage to mandible (best prognosis, most accessible)
Zone III: mandible to skull base
Toxic Alcohol Buzz Word:
Visual disturbances classically described as a “snowstorm” appearance
Methanol Intoxication
Appendix diameter for appendicitis criteria on ultrasound
non-compressible tubular structure with a diameter of at least 6–7 mm must be visualized.
Clostridioides difficile Colitis (Pseudomembranous Colitis) treatment
Adults
Nonsevere or severe: oral vancomycin or oral fidaxomicin
Fulminant: oral vancomycin with IV metronidazole
Children
Mild: discontinuation of any nonvital antibiotic therapy and administration of fluid and electrolyte replacement
Nonsevere: oral vancomycin or oral metronidazole
Severe or fulminant: oral vancomycin
Nerve block for ipsilateral maxillary molars
Posterior superior alveolar
Warfarin Reversal Agent in life threatening bleed
4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate
________ may be used as a 1st line treatment for HTN in pregnancy and have not been associated with fetal malformations when used for short periods of time.
Beta-blockers, ex labetalol
Why is hydrocortisone administered in patients diagnosed with myxedema coma?
Hydrocortisone is typically administered because adrenal crisis occurs frequently along with myxedema coma and lab results are not immediately available.
