10/24/21 bonus Flashcards
The psoas sign, which indicates a _________ location of the appendix, is elicited by extending the patient’s right leg while lying on the left side, causing stretch of the psoas muscle.
retrocecal
__________ is the most common cause of roseola.
Human herpesvirus 6
____________ is the first-line agent for patients with pheochromocytoma and a hypertensive emergency.
Phentolamine IV
Which symptoms of Wernicke syndrome resolve rapidly?
Ophthalmoplegia and nystagmus often respond within hours to thiamine administration. Ataxia and mental status changes take days to weeks to improve and have a poorer prognosis.
What are the diagnostic criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis?
- Serum glucose > 250 mg/dL
- acidosis (pH < 7.30)
- bicarbonate < 15 mEq/L,
- presence of urine or serum ketones
Pressure Ulcer Stages
Stage I - intact skin /localized area of non-blanchable erythema.
Stage II- partial-thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis
Stage III - into the subcutaneous fat / full-thickness loss of skin.
Stage IV- exposure of fascia, muscle, tendon, or bone.
_______ and _______ can be used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Bromocriptine and dantrolene
__________ are particularly specific to serotonin syndrome and are critical in distinguishing it from mimics like NMS
Hyperreflexia and clonus
How soon after blood transfusion initiation does anaphylaxis occur?
Within minutes. It is triggered by presence of IgA antibodies in IgA-deficient patients.
What primary acid-base disorder does acetazolamide induce?
Metabolic acidosis.
Which type of lung cancer results in the majority of malignancy-related syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)?
Small cell lung cancer.
A Colles fracture
- fracture of the distal radius with dorsal and radial displacement of the wrist and hand
- typically originates from a fall on an outstretched hand (FOOSH)
A Monteggia fracture
- fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with a radial head dislocation.
- generally treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the ulna with closed reduction of the radial head dislocation.
Mnemonic for arm fractures: GRUesome MURder
Galeazzi: radius fracture, ulna (radioulnar joint) dislocation
Monteggia: ulna fracture, radial head dislocation
Galeazzi fracture
a fracture of the middle to distal radial shaft and subluxation or dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ)
Mnemonic for arm fractures: GRUesome MURder
Galeazzi: radius fracture, ulna (radioulnar joint) dislocation
Monteggia: ulna fracture, radial head dislocation
What percentage of patients with a calcaneal fracture will have an associated vertebral compression fracture?
10%
