8/6/21 Flashcards
Diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus is primarily with __________, which is diagnostic in 80% of patients.
abdominal X-ray
shows “coffee-bean sign”–> inverted U-shaped, dilated sigmoid with the limbs of the sigmoid colon directed toward the pelvis
For what disease process is an upper GI series the best initial test?
Malrotation and midgut volvulus.
sigmoid volvulus
Elderly bedridden patient
History of constipation
rx: Sigmoidoscopy
Rho(D) immune globulin should be administered to the bleeding prego if she has a _________ blood type to prevent isoimmunization.
Rh negative blood type
How is Brudzinski sign performed?
Forceful flexion of the neck results in involuntary flexion of the hips, knees, and ankles.
Which nerve palsy and underlying condition is the cause of a “down and out” eye with pupil sparing?
Ischemic third nerve palsy most commonly from chronic diabetes mellitus
___________ is the classic antidote for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).
Dantrolene
____________ is a fish-derived toxin that may cause neurologic and gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea and vomiting, hot-cold reversal (cold allodynia), and ataxia.
Ciguatera
What are the classic findings associated with nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia
diffuse edema
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
hypertension, hematuria, and periorbital edema
Management: mainly supportive measures (salt and water restriction)
If edema and hypertension present, concurrent furosemide can help
Pralidoxime
used to treat the cholinergic toxidrome caused by organophosphate poisoning.
Occupational Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) HIV:
HIV:
PEP given with mucous membrane exposure or skin compromise
Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Raltegravir
Occupational Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) HBV:
HBV:
Prior vaccination: PEP not needed
No prior immunization: HBIG + HBV vaccine
Occupational Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) HCV:
HCV: no PEP available
Normal ABG values
pH:7.35 – 7.45
PaCO2: 35 – 45
HCO3: 22 – 26
