11/6/21 bonus Flashcards
Streptococcus pyogenes
group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
known to cause erysipelas, streptococcal pharyngitis, scarlet fever and rheumatic fever
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a common cause of ___________
urinary tract infections.
Pediatric Pulsless V-Tach algorithm
1- immediately defibrillate at 2 joules/kg
2- CPR x two minutes (100-120)
3- defibrillated at 4 joules/kg
*Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg (0.1 ml/kg of 1:10,000 concentration) q3-5 min starting with the second defibrillation.
4- CPR x two minutes
5- defibrillated at 4 joules/kg
*Amiodarone 5 mg/kg IV/IO or lidocaine 1 mg/kg IV/IO if the patient remains in pulseless ventricular tachycardia after the third attempt of defibrillation.
6- An advanced airway should be placed.
A seizing patient with hyponatremia should be treated with _________________
3% hypertonic saline 2 mL/kg over 20-30 minutes.
What Gram-negative rod can cause bacteremia and sepsis after an animal bite?
Capnocytophaga canimorsus.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Labs
- thrombocytopenia
- decreased fibrinogen
- increased fibrin split products
- increased BT, PT, and PTT
Immune thrombocytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenia
- acquired autoimmune thrombocytopenia without an identifiable cause.
- Auto-antibodies attach to platelets which signals for their removal by the reticuloendothelial system.
- sx: plts< 20,000 with normal bone marrow.
- most commonly presents in children 2 to 6 years of age and frequently develops within 3 weeks of a viral illness.
- ITP will typically resolve in 1 to 2 months.
- The chronic form, which is more common in adults and associated with SLE and HIV, can present with epistaxis, gingival bleeding, and menorrhagia
What is the most commonly isolated pathogen obtained from culture at bronchoscopy in patients with bacterial tracheitis?
Staphylococcus aureus.
ABCD2 score: predicts likelihood of subsequent stroke within ___________
2 days
__________ therapy reduces COPD mortality
Long-term oxygen
Pharmacotherapy does not alter disease progression, but it does provide symptomatic relief, control of exacerbations, and improved quality of life.
What formula is used to calculate the minimum systolic blood pressure for a child aged 1–10 years?
Minimum SBP = 70 + (2 x age in years).
Normal Pediatric Heart Rates (Awake)
Neonate: 100–205 bpm 1 month to 1 year: 100–190 bpm 1–2 years: 98–140 bpm 3–5 years: 80–120 bpm 6–11 years: 75–118 bpm ≥ 12 years: 60–100 bpm
Infectious Esophagitis Rx
Treatment:
Candida: fluconazole
CMV: ganciclovir
HSV: acyclovir
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma Rx
Treatment is topical beta-blockers (timolol), topical alpha-agonists (apraclonidone), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetozolomide), +/- miotics (pilocarpine)
What is the mechanism by which acute angle-closure glaucoma happens?
In acute angle-closure glaucoma or crisis, the lens or the peripheral iris blocks the trabecular meshwork, obstructing the outflow of aqueous humor and resulting in a rapid increase in intraocular pressure.
this injury ____________ will have an an X-ray showing fat pad sail sign
Radial Head Fracture
The anterior fat pad can be visible as a thin translucent line on a normal elbow radiograph, but may bulge away from the joint in the setting of an effusion creating the anterior ‘sail sign’.
Treatment of a nondisplaced radial head fracture includes a sling and outpatient orthopedic followup.
What injury is likely to be present in a child with a raised elbow fat pad?
Supracondylar fracture.
Displacement of the radiocapitellar line indicates subluxation or dislocation of the _________
radial head.
pronator sign
Bulging of the fat plane overlying the pronator quadratus muscle seen on a wrist X-ray is referred to as the pronator sign and is suggestive of a wrist fracture.
Is elevation of the anterior or posterior fat pads more specific for fracture?
posterior fat pad
Wrist drop results from damage to the radial nerve and may point to a ___________ fracture.
humeral shaft
histoplasmosis
Exposure to bat and bird droppings in the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys
Treatment is itraconazole or amphotericin B
How many vials of digoxin-specific antibody should be administered to someone in cardiac arrest due to digoxin toxicity?
10 vials
NEXUS Criteria
Clears patients from cervical spine fracture clinically without imaging if all the following criteria met
No midline cervical tenderness No focal neurologic deficits Normal alertness No intoxication No painful distracting injury
A classical manifestation of Erysipelas is __________ over the face
malar involvement with a butterfly pattern
