11/2/21 bonus

Question 1

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in cerebral toxoplasmosis

Answer 1

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is generally used for prophylaxis, and while it can be used for treatment, it is not considered first line.

Question 2

What spirochete infection is a common cause of sensory ataxia?

Answer 2

Tabes dorsalis (neurosyphilis).

Question 3

The American Academy of Neurology recommends that patients presenting to the ED with an apparently unprovoked first seizure should have brain imaging with CT or MRI as part of the initial diagnostic evaluation to assess for gross structural abnormalities and establish a baseline.

Answer 3

Nearly 10% of patients will have a significant abnormality with imaging, which can help elucidate the etiology of the seizure.

this is just good to know

Question 4

Most common solid kidney tumor of childhood is a Wilms tumor aka nephroblastoma. Treatment is?

Answer 4

Management of Wilms tumor is with immediate nephrectomy followed by chemotherapy.

Question 5

In early gestation, from earliest to latest, what is seen on transvaginal ultrasound in pregnancy?

Answer 5

Gestational sac–> yolk sac–> fetal pole

Question 6

__________ is the classic antidote for anticholinergic toxicity.

Answer 6

Physostigmine

Question 7

Ultrasound: Intrauterine Pregnancy (IUP) Criteria for Dx

Answer 7

yolk sac (YS) within a gestational sac (GS), intrauterine fetal pole, or intrauterine fetal heart activity

YS: present at 5–6 weeks with beta-hCG > 2,000 mIU/mL, first definitive sign of IUP

Question 8

How is the herpes simplex virus transmitted?

Answer 8

Direct contact or via oral secretions.

Question 9

Which Le Fort fracture pattern involves the zygomatic arch?

Answer 9

Le Fort III

Question 10

Trimalleolar ankle fracture

Answer 10

fracture pattern made up of fractures of the lateral and medial malleoli and the distal posterior tibia

should be evaluated by computed tomography of the ankle

Question 11

What are indications for dialysis in patients with salicylate toxicity?

Answer 11

Altered mental status
seizure
pulmonary edema
new hypoxemia
pH ≤ 7.2
initial salicylate levels > 100 mg/dL.

Question 12

compression fracture of the posterolateral humeral head

Answer 12

Hill-Sachs deformity

Question 13

fracture of the inferior glenoid rim which is seen in approximately 5% of anterior shoulder dislocations

Answer 13

A Bankart fracture

Question 14

Targeted Temperature Management Inclusion criteria and target

Answer 14

Inclusion criteria:

• Post-cardiac arrest
• ROSC < 30 minutes
• Induction time < 6 hrs from ROSC
• Comatose
• MAP > 65 mm Hg

Target temperature:
- 32–36°C

Question 15

Legg-Calves-Perthes disease

Answer 15

avascular necrosis of the femoral head

80% of patients are between ages 4 and 9 years at onset.

Question 16

What is the dose of ketamine used for rapid sequence intubation?

Answer 16

1–2 mg/kg IV or 3–4 mg/kg IM.

Question 17

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis rx

Answer 17

Treatment is anticoagulation

Diagnosis is made by MRV (preferred), CTV (empty delta sign)

Question 18

______ is the definitive antidote to organophosphate poisoning

Answer 18

Pralidoxime

Question 19

Cholinergic Toxicity Killer Bs:

Answer 19

bradycardia, bronchorrhea, bronchospasm

Question 20

The _____ test is used to screen for a meniscal tear.

Answer 20

McMurray