11/4/21 Flashcards
Hypomagnesemia
Malnutrition, alcohol use Hypocalcemia Hypokalemia ↑ QT interval, dysrhythmias Neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, tetany)
INR of ______ is a contraindication to TPA, but anticoagulation therapy alone is not in itself a contraindication
INR of > 1.7
Infantile spasms
- epileptic disorder
- presents before 1 yo
- spasms consist of rapid flexor and extensor movements that occur in clusters lasting a few minutes at a time
- 1st line treatment is corticotropin (ACTH)
Shoulder Dystocia Management
Empty bladder
McRoberts maneuver: flexing hips and legs
Suprapubic pressure
Delivery of posterior arm
Clavicle fracture
Last resort: Zavanelli maneuver (reinsert fetal head followed by C-section)
Shoulder Dystocia Management
Empty bladder
McRoberts maneuver: flexing hips and legs
Suprapubic pressure
Delivery of posterior arm
Clavicle fracture
Last resort: Zavanelli maneuver (reinsert fetal head followed by C-section)
What is the most common cause of meningitis in adult patients?
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Neonatal Meningitis
Most common: GBS
Fever, behavioral or neurologic changes
Cefotaxime + ampicillin or gentamicin + ampicillin
What is the lower limit of normal systolic blood pressure in a newborn?
60 mm Hg.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Rx
Treatment is supportive/ referral to a burn center
supportive treatment: intravenous fluid resuscitation, electrolyte replacement, wound care, infection prevention, and pain control
The use of corticosteroids in the management of TEN is controversial as there is conflicting evidence regarding improvement in mortality and complication rates associated with their use.
__________ is commonly caused by Bartonella henselae
Cat Scratch Disease
Treatment is mainly supportive, azithromycin if needed
What are the three laboratory hallmarks of tumor lysis syndrome?
Hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, and hyperphosphatemia.
What ECG finding is associated with hypomagnesemia?
QT interval prolongation.
What are common causes of painful vision loss?
Acute angle closure glaucoma, optic neuritis, trauma, endophthalmitis, and temporal arteritis.
Metabolic Acidosis with Normal anion gap causes
(HARDASS) Hyperalimentation Addison Disease renal tubular acidosis diarrhea acetazolamide spironolactone saline infusion
Winter formula (used to evaluate respiratory compensation)
PCO2 = 1.5 (HCO3−) + 8 +/− 2
PCO2 < Winter formula calculation = respiratory alkalosis
PCO2 > Winter formula calculation = respiratory acidosis
What finding would be seen on lateral neck X-ray in epiglottitis?
Thumbprint sign, or enlarged and rounded epiglottis.
Findings on electrocardiogram indicative of left main coronary artery occlusion
ST elevation in aVR > V1 with horizontal ST depression in I, II and V4-6
If the patient is deemed to be low risk for PE, either by the Wells criteria or clinician gestalt, the __________ should be evaluated.
Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria (PERC) rule
D-dimer testing should be performed if PERC +
age ≥ 50 years, HR ≥ 100 bpm at any time in the emergency department, room air oxygen saturation < 95%, prior history of venous thromboembolism, trauma or surgery within four weeks, hemoptysis, exogenous estrogen use, or unilateral leg swelling.
Ménière disease vertigo
Attacks usually occur in clusters, lasting minutes to several hours, and are unprovoked. Patients generally return to baseline between attacks
What lesion clinically resembles a lipoma except it is painful and found primarily in children, adolescents, and individuals with HIV after starting antiretroviral therapy?
Angiolipoma.
What formula is used to calculate the minimum systolic blood pressure for a child aged 1–10 years?
Minimum SBP = 70 + (2 x age in years).
Normal Pediatric Heart Rates (Awake)
Neonate: 100–205 bpm 1 month to 1 year: 100–190 bpm 1–2 years: 98–140 bpm 3–5 years: 80–120 bpm 6–11 years: 75–118 bpm ≥ 12 years: 60–100 bpm
What formula is used to calculate the minimum systolic blood pressure for a child aged 1–10 years?
Minimum SBP = 70 + (2 x age in years).
Normal Pediatric Heart Rates (Awake)
Neonate: 100–205 bpm 1 month to 1 year: 100–190 bpm 1–2 years: 98–140 bpm 3–5 years: 80–120 bpm 6–11 years: 75–118 bpm ≥ 12 years: 60–100 bpm
