10/25/21 Bonus

Question 1

A Colles fracture

Answer 1

• fracture of the distal radius with dorsal and radial displacement of the wrist and hand
• typically originates from a fall on an outstretched hand (FOOSH)

Question 2

A Monteggia fracture

Answer 2

• fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with a radial head dislocation.
• generally treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the ulna with closed reduction of the radial head dislocation.

Question 3

Galeazzi fracture

Answer 3

a fracture of the middle to distal radial shaft and subluxation or dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ)

Question 4

What percentage of patients with a calcaneal fracture will have an associated vertebral compression fracture?

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

Mnemonic for arm fractures: GRUesome MURder

Answer 5

Galeazzi: radius fracture, ulna (radioulnar joint) dislocation
Monteggia: ulna fracture, radial head dislocation

Question 6

For rabies exposure concern in previously unvaccinated patients, post-exposure prophylaxis consists of ___________________

Answer 6

• –Initial rabies immunoglobulin 20 IU/kg
• followed by
• –1st dose of the rabies vaccine
• with instructions for
• –repeat vaccine doses on days 3, 7, and 14

Question 7

Awake and cooperative patients presenting within 1 hour of ingestion of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) should be treated with ____________

Answer 7

activated charcoal

Question 8

What is the initial dose of sodium bicarbonate to treat tricyclic antidepressant toxicity?

Answer 8

1–2 mEq/kg.

Question 9

What ejection fraction is considered normal?

Answer 9

60%

Question 10

What is the normal range of intraocular pressures?

Answer 10

10 to 20 mm Hg.

Question 11

What is the most common structural cause of abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer 11

Uterine leiomyoma.

Question 12

The treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, now termed abnormal uterine bleeding, in nonpregnant unstable patients involves treatment with ______________

Answer 12

high-dose intravenous conjugated estrogen

Question 13

Deficits of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI on one side suggest which diagnosis?

Answer 13

Cavernous sinus thrombosis.

Question 14

This pressor increases cardiac contractility and is the agent of choice in cardiogenic shock with preserved blood pressure.

Answer 14

Dobutamine

It can be used as an adjunct in septic shock in patients with myocardial dysfunction.

Question 15

After maximal therapy with Levophed, the next best pressor in septic shock is ___________

Answer 15

vasopressin

If vasopressin or epinephrine fail to treat the patient’s hypotension, then phenylephrine could be indicated.

Question 16

High-risk TIA Rx

Answer 16

High-risk TIA =ABCD2 score ≥ 4

Begin with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for 21 days using aspirin plus clopidogrel

Question 17

At what acetaminophen level would treatment with N-acetyl cysteine be warranted at four hours?

Answer 17

Treatment should be initiated at an acetaminophen level of 150 μg/mL

Question 18

What is the first line antidote for iron overdose?

Answer 18

Deferoxamine.

Question 19

Handgrip and murmurs

Answer 19

Increases afterload

increases the strength of aortic/mitral regurg and VSD murmurs

decreases the intensity of murmurs due to HCM and mitral prolapse.

Question 20

What is the discriminatory zone when using beta-hCG measurement and transvaginal ultrasonography to evaluate for pregnancy?

Answer 20

1500 mIU/mL.

Question 21

How to correct hypoglycaemia in PEDs, rule of 50

Answer 21

Under 1 yr: 5 ml/kg of 10% Dextrose (10×5=50)

1-8 yr: 2 ml/kg of 25% Dextrose (25×2=50)

> 8 yr: 1 ml/kg of 50% Dextrose (50×1=50)