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SAM Final > 8. Myocardial diseases > Flashcards

8. Myocardial diseases Flashcards

1
Q

definition of cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

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2
Q

how can cardiomyopathy lead to CHF

A

it makes it harder for blood to be pumped

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3
Q

Predisposition of DCM

A

doberman
great dane
irish wolfhound
poddle
newfoundland
dog
large

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4
Q

which dog has juvenile onset DCM

A

portuguese water dog

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5
Q

pathogenesis of DCM

A

causes - > decreased contractile function -> decreased cardiac output -> decreased renal blood flow -> compensatory mechanism

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6
Q

2 compensatory mechanisms OF DCM

A

RAAS
SNS

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7
Q

acute effects of DCM

A

eccentric RV hypertrophy
increased HR

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8
Q

chronic effects of DCM

A

ventricular arrhythmias
LS/ RS CHF

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9
Q

Clinical Signs of DCM

A

murmur
weak peripheral pulse
exercise intolerance

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10
Q

clinical signs of LS CHF

A

dyspnoea
pulmonary oedema
weight loss
cyanosis
hydrthorax

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11
Q

clinical signs of RS CHF

A

ascites
distended jugular
sc oedema
increased cardiac dullness
weak pulse

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12
Q

auscultation of DCM

A

systolic heart murmur
arrhythmia with pulse deficit

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13
Q

diagnosis of DCM

A

ECHO
ECG

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14
Q

what is seen in an echo in case of DCM

A

LA/ LV DILATION
+/- RA / RV dilation
mitral / tricuspid valve regurgitation
eccentric hypertrophy
poor contractility
decreased fractional shortening

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15
Q

what is seen in ecg in case of DCM

A

sinus tachycardia
supraventricular tachycardia
wide / tall QRS and P waves
atrial fibrillation
atrial / ventricular premature contractions

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16
Q

treatment of DCM

A

furosemide
pimobendan
ace inhib

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17
Q

Predisposition of HCM

A

cats
male
mainecoon
ragdoll

18
Q

Pathogenesis of HCM

A

concentric hypertrophy -> necrosis - > fibrosis -> increased diastolic pressure -> LA enlargement -> stagnation

19
Q

Clinical Signs of HCM

A

tiredness
exercise intolerance
collapse
tachycardia
cyanosis
asphyxia

20
Q

ausculation of HCM

A

systolic murmur
gallop sounds
arrhythmia with pulse deficit

21
Q

what is seen in echo in case of HCM

A

LV wall thickened
LV septum thickened
pap muscle hypertrophy
decreased LV end systolic diameter
dilated LA, narrowed LV

22
Q

treatment of HCM

A

furosemide
o2
ace inhibitor

23
Q

cause of RCM

A

unknown
potential diastolic dynsfunction
mainly in cats

24
Q

clinical signs of RCM

A

same as HCM
LV is normal
LA is enlarged

25
Q

pathogenesis of RCM

A

stiff LV due to increased collagen -> increased diastolic pressure -> increased LA -> LS CHF -> thrombus

26
Q

what is the main difference between RCM and HCM

A

collagen

27
Q

what does ARVC stand for

A

arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

28
Q

definition of ARVC

A

fatty infiltration of RV

29
Q

predisposition of ARVC

A

boxer

30
Q

pathogenesis of ARVC

A

no sustained VT -> no cerebral perfussion for over 6 seconds causing syncope

31
Q

clinical signs of ARVC

A

LS CHF
sudden death

32
Q

what is seen on an ecg in case of ARVC

A

ventricular premature complexes
ventricular extrasystole
>100-300 VPC on a holter monitor

33
Q

treatment of ARVC

A

sotalol, mexiletine, atenolol
antiarrhythmic treatment

34
Q

myocarditis viral causes

A

parvo
distemper

35
Q

myocarditis bacterial causes

A

borrelia
rickettsia

36
Q

myocarditis fungi causes

A

aspergillus
cryptococcus

37
Q

myocarditis parasitic causes

A

toxoplasma
neospora

38
Q

tumours of myocardium

A

hemangiosarcoma
chemodectoma
lymphosarcoma

39
Q

metabolic disorders causing myocardititis

A

hypo/ hyper thyroidism
electrolyte imbalance
uraemia
glycogen storage disorder

40
Q

toxicoses causing myocarditis

A

heavy metals
co2
ethanol
doxorubicin
catecholamines
digoxin
monensin

41
Q
A

SAM Final (48 decks)

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