8. Myocardial diseases Flashcards
definition of cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle
how can cardiomyopathy lead to CHF
it makes it harder for blood to be pumped
Predisposition of DCM
doberman
great dane
irish wolfhound
poddle
newfoundland
dog
large
which dog has juvenile onset DCM
portuguese water dog
pathogenesis of DCM
causes - > decreased contractile function -> decreased cardiac output -> decreased renal blood flow -> compensatory mechanism
2 compensatory mechanisms OF DCM
RAAS
SNS
acute effects of DCM
eccentric RV hypertrophy
increased HR
chronic effects of DCM
ventricular arrhythmias
LS/ RS CHF
Clinical Signs of DCM
murmur
weak peripheral pulse
exercise intolerance
clinical signs of LS CHF
dyspnoea
pulmonary oedema
weight loss
cyanosis
hydrthorax
clinical signs of RS CHF
ascites
distended jugular
sc oedema
increased cardiac dullness
weak pulse
auscultation of DCM
systolic heart murmur
arrhythmia with pulse deficit
diagnosis of DCM
ECHO
ECG
what is seen in an echo in case of DCM
LA/ LV DILATION
+/- RA / RV dilation
mitral / tricuspid valve regurgitation
eccentric hypertrophy
poor contractility
decreased fractional shortening
what is seen in ecg in case of DCM
sinus tachycardia
supraventricular tachycardia
wide / tall QRS and P waves
atrial fibrillation
atrial / ventricular premature contractions
treatment of DCM
furosemide
pimobendan
ace inhib
Predisposition of HCM
cats
male
mainecoon
ragdoll
Pathogenesis of HCM
concentric hypertrophy -> necrosis - > fibrosis -> increased diastolic pressure -> LA enlargement -> stagnation
Clinical Signs of HCM
tiredness
exercise intolerance
collapse
tachycardia
cyanosis
asphyxia
ausculation of HCM
systolic murmur
gallop sounds
arrhythmia with pulse deficit
what is seen in echo in case of HCM
LV wall thickened
LV septum thickened
pap muscle hypertrophy
decreased LV end systolic diameter
dilated LA, narrowed LV
treatment of HCM
furosemide
o2
ace inhibitor
cause of RCM
unknown
potential diastolic dynsfunction
mainly in cats
clinical signs of RCM
same as HCM
LV is normal
LA is enlarged
pathogenesis of RCM
stiff LV due to increased collagen -> increased diastolic pressure -> increased LA -> LS CHF -> thrombus
what is the main difference between RCM and HCM
collagen
what does ARVC stand for
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
definition of ARVC
fatty infiltration of RV
predisposition of ARVC
boxer
pathogenesis of ARVC
no sustained VT -> no cerebral perfussion for over 6 seconds causing syncope
clinical signs of ARVC
LS CHF
sudden death
what is seen on an ecg in case of ARVC
ventricular premature complexes
ventricular extrasystole
>100-300 VPC on a holter monitor
treatment of ARVC
sotalol, mexiletine, atenolol
antiarrhythmic treatment
myocarditis viral causes
parvo
distemper
myocarditis bacterial causes
borrelia
rickettsia
myocarditis fungi causes
aspergillus
cryptococcus
myocarditis parasitic causes
toxoplasma
neospora
tumours of myocardium
hemangiosarcoma
chemodectoma
lymphosarcoma
metabolic disorders causing myocardititis
hypo/ hyper thyroidism
electrolyte imbalance
uraemia
glycogen storage disorder
toxicoses causing myocarditis
heavy metals
co2
ethanol
doxorubicin
catecholamines
digoxin
monensin
