38. Diseases of the cranial nerves in dogs and cats Flashcards
Cranial Nerve I Name
Olfactory nerve
Cranial Nerve II Name
Optic
Cranial Nerve III Name
Oculomotor
Cranial Nerve IV Name
Trochlear
Cranial Nerve V Name
Trigeminal
Cranial Nerve VI Name
Abducent
Cranial Nerve VII Name
Facial
Cranial Nerve VIII Name
Vestibulocochlear
Cranial Nerve IX Name
Glossopharyngeal
Cranial Nerve X Name
Vagus
Cranial Nerve XI Name
Accessory
Cranial Nerve XII Name
Hypoglossal
Sensory Nerves
Olfactory
Trigeminal
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Motor Nerves
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
GLossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
Parasympathetic nerves
Optic
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Examination of CNI
evaluate the smell function and behavioral reaction
Loss of sense of smell
anosmia
Bilateral brain lesions
Is the examination of smell accurate
No
Irritating substances may excite CNV sensory nerves endings and will not correlate with olfaction
Examination of CN II
Vision
PLR (also CN III)
Menace Response (also CN VII) (learned response)
Visual placing (also motoric innervation of forelimbs)
Examination of CN III
physiological nystagmus —- turn head from side to side and eye will follow heads position
Dysfunction of CN III
Ventrolateral strabismus
Examination of CN IV
Physiological nystagmus
Dysfunction of CN IV
Dorsolateral strabismus
3 Branches of CN V
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
Examination of sensory function of CN V
Corneal reflex
Palpebral reflex
Sensation of facial area
Examination of motor function of CN V
size and symmetry of mastifactory muscles
resistance of jaw to opening the mouth
Dysfunction of CN V
Loss of sensory function of certain facial areas
Bilateral mandibular branch lesions –> dropped jaw , unable to close mouth
Chronic denervation –> muscle atrophy
Differential diagnosis of dysfunction of CN V
Myositosis
Examination of CN VI
Physiological nystagmus
Dysfunction of CN VI
medial strabismus
Motor function of CN VII
muscles of facial expression
Sensory function of CN VII
Sense of taste
Autonomic function of CN VII
Lacrimal glands
Mandibular glands
Sublingual salivary glands
Examination of CN VII
symmetry of face
corneal reflec
schirmer tear test
menace response
Blinking
Palpebral reflex
Pinching face
What can cause facial nerve paralysis
inflammation and surgery of the ear
Function of CNVIII
hearing
vestibular function (adaptation of eye and body position with respect to position and movement of the head)
What is vestibular system
coordinates the position of the eye, neck, trunk and limbs with movements of the head
maintains equilibrium during active and passive movement when head is at rest
Clinical signs of vestibular disease
Vestibular strabismus
imbalance
nystagmus
head tilt
vestibular ataxia
normal postural reactions
Forms of Vestibular disease
Peripheral – inner eat
Central — cerebellum
Motor function of CN IX
muscles of pharynx and palate
Sensory function of CN IX
tongue & pharyngeal mucosa – taste
Autonomic function of CN IX
salivary glands
Examination of CN IX
Swallowing
gag reflex
Dysfunction of CN IX
Dysphagia
Motor function of CN X
Pharynx, larynx, oesophagus
Sensory function of CN X
Pharynx, larynx, thoracic, abdominal viscera
Autonomic function of CN X
Thoracic and abdominal viscera
Examination of CN X
Swallowing
gag reflex
Dysfunction of CN X
Dysphagia
Laryngeal paralysis
voice changes
megaoesophagus
Internal branch of CN XI
muscles of larynx, cranial oesophagus
External branch of CN XI
Mm trapezius, sternocephalicus, brachiocephalicus
Dysfunction of CN XI
Laryngeal paralysis
Function of CN XII
Motoric innervation of the tongue
Examination of CN XII
Pasty food under the nose - can animal lick it off
palpation — any atrophy felt
Pull the tongue — can animal withdraw it
Dysfunction of CN XII
Unilateral atrophy of tongue
Unilateral lingual deviation
Pathological lesions of cranial nerves
Horner’s Syndrome
Symptoms of horner’s syndrome
miotic pupil
prolapsed 3rd eyelid
ptosis
Enophthalmos
Decreased sweating
