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SAM Final > 36. Diseases of the urinary bladder and prostate in dogs and cats > Flashcards

36. Diseases of the urinary bladder and prostate in dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical signs of Lower Urinary Tract Infection

A

Dysuria
Stranguria
Haematuria
Pollakiuria
Incontenance
Periuria
Dehydration

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2
Q

Dysuria definition

A

Pain when peeing

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3
Q

Stranguria definition

A

straining to pass urine

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4
Q

POllakiuria definition

A

Frequent, abnormal urination

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5
Q

Periuria definition

A

Weeing in abnormal places

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6
Q

Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Infection

A

Exclude urethral obstruction/ bladder paralysis (catheterise)
Urinalysis
Imaging

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7
Q

Types of cystitis

A

Infectious
Sterile

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8
Q

Cause of infectious cystitis

A

Bacteria - mycoplasma or capillaria plica

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9
Q

cause of sterile cystitis

A

interstitial
idiopathic

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10
Q

Differential of cystitis

A

stone
tumour
prostatic disease
anatomical abnormalities
Bleeding disorders
haemoglobinuria
myoglobinuria

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11
Q

Predisposed to bacterial cystitis

A

Older
females
dogs

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12
Q

Causes of bacterial cystitis

A

e. coli
staph
strep
proteus
corynebacterium ureolyticum (resistance)

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13
Q

Clinical signs of bacterial cystitis

A
  • Pollakiuria
  • Dysuria
  • Urge incontinence
  • Haematuria
  • Distended bladder
  • Painful bladder
  • Thick bladder wall
  • Bladder mass
  • Stranguria
  • Small bladder
  • Periuria
  • Urolithiasis
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14
Q

Lab D of bacterial cystitis

A

Haematuria
Pyuria
Sediment - bacteria, WBC, RBC, epithelial cells, struvite (+/-)
Alkaline/ Normal pH

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15
Q

Treatment of bacterial cystitis

A

AB - 7-10days (3-6weeks if its a complicated infection)
Amoxiclav
Cephalosporin
Fluroquinolones
Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim Sulphonamides

Pain management - nsaids, opioids, spasmolytics

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16
Q

what is subclinical bacteriuris

A

+ve bacterial culture but no clinical signs of cystitis
No treatment

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17
Q

FLUTD stands for

A

Feline Urinary Tract disease

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18
Q

Aetiology of FLUTD

A

FIC - feline idiopathic cystitis - 70% of cases
Stones - 20% of cases
Bacterial cystitis
Tumour
Anatomical disorder
Trauma
Stricture

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19
Q

Clinical signs of FLUTD

A

Dysuria
Haematuria
Periuria
Urethral obstruction

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20
Q

Physical exam of FLUTD

A

Good general condition
Bladder is small and painful

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21
Q

Diagnosis of FLUTD

A

Urinalysis -RBCs, WBCs, crystals
No uroliths
Culture - rule out bacterial cystitis
Imaging

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22
Q

Predisposed to Urethral obstruction

23
Q

What can cause Urethral obstruction

A

Uroliths
crystals
thrombus
urethral plug
urethral spasm

24
Q

Physical exam of Urethral obstruction

A

Extremely filled, tense, painful bladder
Not expressible

25
Q

Clinical signs of Urethral obstruction

A

Lethargy
Dehydration
Life threatening condition - bladder rupture,
post renal azotaemia

26
Q

Treatment of Urethral obstruction

A

Emergency catheterisation
combined with decompressive cystocentesis

27
Q

What is Feline idiopathic cystitis

A

maladaptive response to environmental stressors —> sterile cystitis

28
Q

General exam of Feline idiopathic cystitis

A

Clinical signs of cystits
good general condition
Macroscopic sediment (sand)

29
Q

Presentation of Feline idiopathic cystitis

A

Acute
self limiting episodes — 80-95%
urethral obstruction —- 15-25%

30
Q

Pathogenesis of Feline idiopathic cystitis

A

Chronic stress —–> exhaustion of adrenal glands —-> shifted stress response —-> increased catecholamines —-> increased uroepithelial permeability —-> bleeding and oedema

31
Q

Predisposition to Feline idiopathic cystitis

A

Stray cats
Orphans
Indoor cats
Boring environment
Dry food
Low water intake
New baby/pet
Travel of owner
Cats from shelters
Multi-cat households
Obesity
Changes of routine

32
Q

Treatment of Feline idiopathic cystitis

A

Increase water intake
Opioids, nsaids
Spasmolytics
Gabapentin
Pheremones
Urinary diet
Environmental enrichment

33
Q

Lower Urinary tract tumour

A

Transitional cell carcinoma (trigonum area)
rhabdomyosarcoma

34
Q

Diagnosis of Lower Urinary tract tumour

A

Imagine
urine sediment
Biopsy

35
Q

Differential of Lower Urinary tract tumour

A

Polypoid cystitis
Blood clot
cystitis
urolithiasis

36
Q

Treatment of Lower Urinary tract tumour

37
Q

cause of Urinary Bladder rupture

A

Trauma
cystitis
tumour
uroliths

38
Q

what can Urinary Bladder rupture lead to

A

post renal azotaemia

39
Q

Diagnosis of Urinary Bladder rupture

A

Imaging
Abdo serum creatinine - >2.1

40
Q

Predisposed to Prostatic diseases

A

Older dogs

41
Q

Clinical signs of Prostatic diseases

A

Urethral bleeding
tenesmus
uti
haematuria

42
Q

Diagnosis of Prostatic diseases

A

RDP - size, shape, symmetry, consistency pain
Xray
US
Urinalysis
Cytology
Biopsy
Prostatic fluid and semen

43
Q

Prostatic diseases

A

Prostatic hypertrophy
Prostatitis
Paraprostatic cyst
Prostate tumour

44
Q

Prostate tumour

A

Adenomcarcinoma

45
Q

Clinical signs of Prostate tumour

A

Metastatic and urethral compression

46
Q

Treatment of Prostate tumour

A

Castration
Piroxicam

47
Q

Prostatic hypertrophy

A

Symmetrical enlargement with/ without cavitary lesions
Treat with castration, antiandrogens

48
Q

Paraprostatic cyst

A

mullerian duct remnant or retention cyst
large in size

49
Q

treatment of Paraprostatic cyst

A

Castration
Surgical removal

50
Q

Prostatitis

A

acute/ chronic bacterial infection with/out abscessation

51
Q

What predisposes to Prostatitis

A

Prostatic hypertrophic

52
Q

Clinical signs of Prostatitis

A

UTi signs
general signs
shock

53
Q

Treatment of Prostatitis

A

Treat for shock
AB
Drainage
Castration

SAM Final (48 decks)

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