31. Haemolytic anaemias in dogs and cats. Babesiosis Flashcards
haemolytic anaemia
decreased in the number of circulating RBCs due to their destruction.
Usually regenerative
Congenital causes of haemolytic anaemia
pyruvate kinase deficiency
phosphofructokinase deficiency
Acquired causes of haemolytic anaemia
Chemicals
IMHA
Microangiopathic anaemia
drugs
bacteria
parasites
venoms
Clinical signs of haemolytic anaemia
Bilirubinuria
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Haemoglobinuria
Fever
Lethargy
Anaemia
Icterus
Lab D of haemolytic anaemia
PCV - if plasma is red after centrifuge think anaemia
Blood smear
Increased TP
Regen anaemia
Pathogenesis of Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia
Complement / antibody mediated RBC demage
cytotoxic reaction (type II hypersensitivity )
Classifications of IMHA
idiopathic / primary
secondary - parasitic, lupus, drugs, tumour, immune, complex formation
Predisposed to of IMHA
Dogs > cats
Collies, rottweilers, bobtail cats
Clinical signs of IMHA
Similar to general clinical signs of anaemia and acute blood loss anaemia
Cold agglutinin disease
Evan’s syndrome
Diagnosis of IMHA
Saline agglutination test
Lab D
Microscopy of blood cells
Saline Agglutination test of IMHA
Assessment of IgM & IgG
Lab D of IMHA
Increased Br, ALT
Microscopy of RBCS of IMHA
Regenerative anaemia
Autoagglutination
Leucocytosis
Neutrophilia
Anisocytosis
Treatment of IMHA
Dexamethasone for first few days —–> prednisolone for 3-5 weeks
Azathioprine
Cyclosporin
AB
Heparin
Blood transfusion
Babesiosis
Babesia canis
transmitted by Dermacentor Reticularis and other ticks
Pathogenesis of Babesiosis
1-2 week incubation
Invasion and replication of rbcs –> anaemia
Immune actions worsen the anaemia
Acute & chronic phases
May damage multiple organs
Acute Clinical signs of Babesiosis
Pale mucosa
tachycardia
tachypnoea
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
fever
anaemia
anorexia
weakness
depression
Chronic Clinical signs of Babesiosis
Anaemia
weight loss
gi signs
cns signs
icterus
anorexia
oedema
ascites
Diagnosis of Babesiosis
History - travel to mediterranean country
Blood smear - giemsa
Serology - pcr
Babesiosis from clinical examination
Hyperbilirubinaemia
Bilirubinaemia
Haemoglobinuria
Dark drown urine
Leukopenia
Met. acidosis
Azotemia
Proteinuria
Increased ALT, creatinine
DIC
Differential of Babesiosis
Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia
Treatment of Babesiosis
Imidocarb
Diuretics
Blood transfusion
Sodium bicarbonate
GCC
Prevention of Babesiosis
Vaccine
Imidocarb
Flumethrin collars (tick prevention)