7. Congenital cardiac diseases Flashcards
When to consider congenital cardiac diseases
in young puppies in case of
- sudden death
- cyanosis
- exercise intolerance
- dyspnoea
- grade III- IV murmur
Diseases that cause concentric hypertrophy
pulmonic stenosis
aortic stenosis
Diseases that cause eccentric hypertrophy
mitral dysplasia
tricuspid dysplasia
ventricular septal defect
PDA
Definition of aortic stenosis
narrowing of aortic valve opening
predisposition of aortic stenosis
boxer
newfoundland
german shepherd
retriever
rottweiler
bull terrier
bernesel
location of aortic stenosis
subvalvular/ subaortic
valvular
supravalvular
Pathogenesis of aortic stenosis
fibrous tissue -> stenosis -> increased LA & LV pressure -> LV concentric hypertrophy -> decreased LV outflow –> ischaemia, arrhythmia
Clinical signs of aortic stenosis
lethargy
syncope
exercise intolerance
decreased femoral pulse
Auscultation of aortic stenosis
ejection type systolic murmur (crescendo - decrescendo)
Diagnosis of aortic stenosis
echo doppler
ecg
xray
what is seen on echo in case of aortic stenosis
turbulent flow pattern originating from aortic valve
thickened septum, papillary muscle, LV free wall
what is seen on ecg in aortic stenosis
tall R wave
what is seen on xray in aortic stenosis
LV enlargement
aortic dilation
fluid accumulation
Treatment of aortic stenosis
Beta blockers - atenolol
balloon dilation surgery
PDA definition
Medical condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth
Predisposition of PDA
mini poodle
german shepherd
collie
sheltie
pomeranian
maltese
young, females
Pathogenesis of PDA
increased LA, LV, pulmonary artery & vein pressure -> LA, LV dilation -> decreased diatolic pressure increased systolic pressure
Clinical signs of PDA
initially none then LS CHF
triad of clinical signs of PDA
continuous machinary murmur
bounding femoral pulses
differential cyanosis
Diagnosis of PDA
ecg
echo
xray
what to see on echo in case of PDA
continuous turbulence in pulmonary artery
left sided dilation
what to see in ecg in case of PDA
wide p wave
tall r wave
what to see in xray in case of PDA
generalised cardiac enlargement
Treatment of PDA
medical management of CHF before surgery
surgical ligation - transcatheter closure with embolism
Reverse PDA definition
backflow from pulmonary artery to aorta causing caudal hypoxemia
clinical signs of Reverse PDA
lethargy
exercise intolerance
pulmonary hypertension
Treatment of Reverse PDA
surgery is contraindicated
Pulmonic Stenosis definition
Obstruction of flow from RV to pulmonary artery
Predisposition of Pulmonic Stenosis
boxer
english bulldog
scottie
samoyed
mini schnauzer
chihuahua
beagle
younger
Pathogenesis of Pulmonic Stenosis
dysplasia of pulmonic valve -> obstrunction of RV outflow and turbulent blood flow
turbulent blood flow in Pulmonic Stenosis causes
pul artery deformation and post stenotic dilation
obstruction of RV outflow in Pulmonic Stenosis causes
increased systolic pressure ->RV concentric hypertrophy -> myocardial ischaemia, decreased compliance, and RA pressure
Clinical signs of Pulmonic Stenosis
exercise intolerance
failure to thrive
ascites
peripheral oedema
jugular distension & pulsation
murmur of Pulmonic Stenosis
ejection type systolic murmur and pericardial thrill
Diagnosis of Pulmonic Stenosis
echo
ecg
xray
what is seen on a echo in case of Pulmonic Stenosis
RV concentric hypertrophy and enlargement
RA enlargement
tricuspid regurtitation
what is seen on ecg in case of pulmonic stenosis
deep s wave
what is seen on xray in case of Pulmonic Stenosis
RV enlargement
dilation of main pulmonary artery
treatment of Pulmonic Stenosis
balloon valvuloplasty
beta blockers, antiarrhythmics
ventricular septal defects location
under septal tricuspid leaflet
clinical signs of ventricular septal defects
asymptomatic
exercise intolerance
murmur of ventricular septal defects
holosystolic murmur
what is seen on an echo in case of ventricular septal defects
left sided dilation
treatment of ventricular septal defects
cardiopulmonary bypass
Tricuspid dysplasia predisposition
german shepherd
retriever
bob ail dog
young
male
treatment of Tricuspid dysplasia
valvuloplasty
mitral valve dysplasia predisposition
german shepherd
nerfoundland
retriever
great dane
dalmatian
young
male
treatment of mitral valve dysplasia
valvuloplasty
4 diseases in tetralogy fallot
Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular Septal Defect
Dextroposition & Aortic OVerriding
Right ventricular hypertrophy
