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SAM Final > 7. Congenital cardiac diseases > Flashcards

7. Congenital cardiac diseases Flashcards

1
Q

When to consider congenital cardiac diseases

A

in young puppies in case of
- sudden death
- cyanosis
- exercise intolerance
- dyspnoea
- grade III- IV murmur

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2
Q

Diseases that cause concentric hypertrophy

A

pulmonic stenosis
aortic stenosis

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3
Q

Diseases that cause eccentric hypertrophy

A

mitral dysplasia
tricuspid dysplasia
ventricular septal defect
PDA

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4
Q

Definition of aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of aortic valve opening

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5
Q

predisposition of aortic stenosis

A

boxer
newfoundland
german shepherd
retriever
rottweiler
bull terrier
bernesel

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6
Q

location of aortic stenosis

A

subvalvular/ subaortic
valvular
supravalvular

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of aortic stenosis

A

fibrous tissue -> stenosis -> increased LA & LV pressure -> LV concentric hypertrophy -> decreased LV outflow –> ischaemia, arrhythmia

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8
Q

Clinical signs of aortic stenosis

A

lethargy
syncope
exercise intolerance
decreased femoral pulse

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9
Q

Auscultation of aortic stenosis

A

ejection type systolic murmur (crescendo - decrescendo)

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10
Q

Diagnosis of aortic stenosis

A

echo doppler
ecg
xray

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11
Q

what is seen on echo in case of aortic stenosis

A

turbulent flow pattern originating from aortic valve
thickened septum, papillary muscle, LV free wall

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12
Q

what is seen on ecg in aortic stenosis

A

tall R wave

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13
Q

what is seen on xray in aortic stenosis

A

LV enlargement
aortic dilation
fluid accumulation

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14
Q

Treatment of aortic stenosis

A

Beta blockers - atenolol
balloon dilation surgery

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15
Q

PDA definition

A

Medical condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth

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16
Q

Predisposition of PDA

A

mini poodle
german shepherd
collie
sheltie
pomeranian
maltese
young, females

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17
Q

Pathogenesis of PDA

A

increased LA, LV, pulmonary artery & vein pressure -> LA, LV dilation -> decreased diatolic pressure increased systolic pressure

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18
Q

Clinical signs of PDA

A

initially none then LS CHF

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18
Q

triad of clinical signs of PDA

A

continuous machinary murmur
bounding femoral pulses
differential cyanosis

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19
Q

Diagnosis of PDA

A

ecg
echo
xray

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20
Q

what to see on echo in case of PDA

A

continuous turbulence in pulmonary artery
left sided dilation

21
Q

what to see in ecg in case of PDA

A

wide p wave
tall r wave

22
Q

what to see in xray in case of PDA

A

generalised cardiac enlargement

23
Q

Treatment of PDA

A

medical management of CHF before surgery
surgical ligation - transcatheter closure with embolism

24
Q

Reverse PDA definition

A

backflow from pulmonary artery to aorta causing caudal hypoxemia

25
Q

clinical signs of Reverse PDA

A

lethargy
exercise intolerance
pulmonary hypertension

26
Q

Treatment of Reverse PDA

A

surgery is contraindicated

27
Q

Pulmonic Stenosis definition

A

Obstruction of flow from RV to pulmonary artery

28
Q

Predisposition of Pulmonic Stenosis

A

boxer
english bulldog
scottie
samoyed
mini schnauzer
chihuahua
beagle
younger

29
Q

Pathogenesis of Pulmonic Stenosis

A

dysplasia of pulmonic valve -> obstrunction of RV outflow and turbulent blood flow

30
Q

turbulent blood flow in Pulmonic Stenosis causes

A

pul artery deformation and post stenotic dilation

31
Q

obstruction of RV outflow in Pulmonic Stenosis causes

A

increased systolic pressure ->RV concentric hypertrophy -> myocardial ischaemia, decreased compliance, and RA pressure

32
Q

Clinical signs of Pulmonic Stenosis

A

exercise intolerance
failure to thrive
ascites
peripheral oedema
jugular distension & pulsation

33
Q

murmur of Pulmonic Stenosis

A

ejection type systolic murmur and pericardial thrill

34
Q

Diagnosis of Pulmonic Stenosis

A

echo
ecg
xray

35
Q

what is seen on a echo in case of Pulmonic Stenosis

A

RV concentric hypertrophy and enlargement
RA enlargement
tricuspid regurtitation

36
Q

what is seen on ecg in case of pulmonic stenosis

A

deep s wave

37
Q

what is seen on xray in case of Pulmonic Stenosis

A

RV enlargement
dilation of main pulmonary artery

38
Q

treatment of Pulmonic Stenosis

A

balloon valvuloplasty
beta blockers, antiarrhythmics

39
Q

ventricular septal defects location

A

under septal tricuspid leaflet

40
Q

clinical signs of ventricular septal defects

A

asymptomatic
exercise intolerance

41
Q

murmur of ventricular septal defects

A

holosystolic murmur

42
Q

what is seen on an echo in case of ventricular septal defects

A

left sided dilation

43
Q

treatment of ventricular septal defects

A

cardiopulmonary bypass

44
Q

Tricuspid dysplasia predisposition

A

german shepherd
retriever
bob ail dog
young
male

45
Q

treatment of Tricuspid dysplasia

A

valvuloplasty

46
Q

mitral valve dysplasia predisposition

A

german shepherd
nerfoundland
retriever
great dane
dalmatian
young
male

47
Q

treatment of mitral valve dysplasia

A

valvuloplasty

48
Q

4 diseases in tetralogy fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular Septal Defect
Dextroposition & Aortic OVerriding
Right ventricular hypertrophy

49
Q
A

SAM Final (48 decks)

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