41. Non-infectious central nervous diseases. Degenerative central nervous diseases in dogs and cats Flashcards
Non infectious CNS diseases
granulomatous meningoencephalitis
necrotising encephalitis
steroid responsive meningitis arteritis
polyradiculoneuritis
traumatic brain injury
hyperthermia
granulomatous meningoencephalitis
definition
inflammatory CNS disease in dogs
focal/ disseminated granulomatous lesionsin brain & spinal cord
Where do lesions of granulomatous meningoencephalitis occur
white matter
Clinical signs of granulomatous meningoencephalitis
Seizures
Cerebello - vestibular dysfunction
Cervical hyperaesthesia
Diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalitis
CSF - mononuclear pleocytosis. Increased protein
CT
Autopsy
Treatment of granulomatous meningoencephalitis
Lifelong immunosuppression
necrotising encephalitis
definition
multiple cavitary necrotic inflammation of the brain
Forms of necrotising encephalitis
Necrotising meningoencephalitis (Pug)
Necrotising leukoencephalitis (Yorkshire terrier)
Clinical signs of necrotising encephalitis
correspond to location of lesion
Seizures
Decreased mental status
Visual deficits
Circlin
head pressing
Diagnosis of necrotising encephalitis
CSF - Mononuclear pleocytosis, increased protein
Treatment of necrotising encephalitis
GCC
predisposed to steroid responsive meningitis arteritis
young adult dogs
Clinical signs of steroid responsive meningitis arteritis
Cervical rigidity
hyperaesthesia
anorexia
fever
Diagnosis of steroid responsive meningitis arteritis
CSF - neutrophil pleocytosis. Increased IgA, Interleukin
Treatment of steroid responsive meningitis arteritis
Long term gcc
polyradiculoneuritis definition
immune mediated inflammation of the nerve roots and peripheral nerves
Coonhound paralysis
Clinical signs of polyradiculoneuritis
LMN paresis
Hyperaesthesia
paralysis
altered bark
Treatment of polyradiculoneuritis
Supportive and physio
Prognosis of polyradiculoneuritis
spontaneous resolution in 3-6 weeks
Resp paralysis —> death
hyperthermia
traumatic brain injury occurrence
High rise syndrome
blunt trauma
car accident
dog fight
Primary brain injury in case of traumatic brain injury
concussion
contusion
laceration
axial haematoma
entra - axial haematoma
Secondary brain injury in traumatic brain injury
neuronal death not attributed to teh direct mechanical effect of trauma
Hypotension
Hypoxaemia
Hyperglycaemia
Excitotoxicosis
Clinical signs of traumatic brain injury
can be divided into
immediate -
brain concussion -
brain contusion -
Clinical signs of traumatic brain injury
Immediate
Loss of consciousness, areflexia, seizures, motor dysfunction
Clinical signs of traumatic brain injury
Concussion
neuronal function problem, loss of consciousness
Clinical signs of traumatic brain injury
Contussion
haemorrhage, seizure, loss of consciousness, oedema, functional problems
Treatment of traumatic brain injury
goal is to decrease secondary brain injury
Supply brain with o2 and blood
normalise e- , pH, ICP
Intracranial stabilisation
maintain blood and o2 to brain
treat intracranial hypertension
treat seizures
monitor neurological state
Treatment for cerebral oedema
hypertonic NaCl
Mannitol
causes of Hyperthermia
environmental heat
excess air humidity
physical activity
long, thick coat
dyspnoea,
no access to water
seizures
malignant hyperthermia
Cause of malignant Hyperthermia
inhalation of narcotics
Muscle relaxants
Clinical signs of Hyperthermia
Tachypnoea
Apathy
Weakness
Shock
Tachycardia
Stupor
Seizures
Coma
(Bloody) vomiting
Diarrhoea
Possible secondary effects of hyperthermia
Cerebral oedema
DIC
Multi-organ failure
AKF
Arrhythmia cordis
Hypoglycaemia
Intestinal desquamation
Brain damage
Acute liver damage
Treatment of hyperthermia
Move to cool place
cool body
plasma infusion & heparin in case of DIC
Mannitol & hypertonic NaCl in case of Oedema
Bolus colloids & crystalloids in case of Shock
Treatment of malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
