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SAM Final > 15. Non-infective diseases of the small intestines in dogs and cats. Protein loosing enteropathies > Flashcards

15. Non-infective diseases of the small intestines in dogs and cats. Protein loosing enteropathies Flashcards

1
Q

acute small intestinal disorders

A

AHDS

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2
Q

Chronic small intestinal disorders

A

food responsive enteropathy
antibiotic responsive enteropathy
immuneosuppressant responsive enteropathy
non responsive enteropathy

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3
Q

AHDS

A

acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome
used to be called haemorrhagic gastroenteritis

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4
Q

possible causes of AHDS

A

Dietary indiscretion
Toxins
Immune-mediated
Pancreatitis
Anxiety
Hyperreactivity
Stress
Intestinal bacteria
Intestinal parasites
Infection
Trauma
Intestinal ulcer
Foreign body
GI tumour, ulcer
Coagulation disorder

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5
Q

predisposition of AHDS

A

young - middle aged
small & toy breeds
in winter

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6
Q

Clinical signs of AHDS

A

acute onset of vomiting
profuse haemorrhagic diarrhoea –> hypovolemic shock
anorexia
lethargy
abdo pain
fever

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7
Q

diagnosis of AHDS

A

increased PCV
neutrophilic leucocytosis
normal / decreased TP
hypoglycaemia
electrolyte imbalances

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8
Q

treatment of AHDS

A

IVFT
parenteral AB
symtptomatic treatment
intestinal diet

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9
Q

Food Responsive Enteropathy

A

enteropathy that improves by alteration of the diet

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10
Q

causes of Food Responsive Enteropathy

A

food allergy
food intolerance

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11
Q

difference between food allergy and intolerance

A

allergy - immune related. can be due to genetics
intolerance - non immune related

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12
Q

most common allergens

A

dog - beef, chicken, wheat, milk
cat - beef, chicken, wheat, fish, corn

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13
Q

clinical signs of Food Responsive Enteropathy

A

pruritis
recurrent chronic diarrhoea

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14
Q

diagnosis and treatment of Food Responsive Enteropathy

A

work together
diagnosis by exclusion
prescription diet
homemade diet
avoid hidden allergens

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15
Q

how to do trial diets

A

Pruritis - trial for 8-12 weeks
Diarrhoea - trial for 3 weeks
No more than 1 therapeutic change every 2-3 weeks

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16
Q

Antiobiotic Responsive Enteropathy

A

enteropathy that improves by administration of antibiotics

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17
Q

Primary Antiobiotic Responsive Enteropathy

A

Loss of tolerance by local immune system

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18
Q

secondary Antiobiotic Responsive Enteropathy

A

damage of microbiome
dysbiosis

19
Q

consequences of Antiobiotic Responsive Enteropathy

A

endotoxin secretion
Brush border enzymes become damaged
competition for nutrients

20
Q

Clinical signs of Antiobiotic Responsive Enteropathy

A

chronic s. intestinal diarrhoes
gas production
fat malabsorption
weight loss
womiting

21
Q

diagnosis of Antiobiotic Responsive Enteropathy

A

no specific tests
microbiota dysbiosis index

22
Q

treatment of Antiobiotic Responsive Enteropathy

A

aim is to decrease the microbioma and dysbiosis
metronidazole but withdra if there is any relapse

23
Q

Immunosuppresant Responsive Enteropathy

A

enteropathy that improves with immunosuppressive treatment
aka IBS in humans

24
Q

predisposed to Immunosuppresant Responsive Enteropathy

A

middle aged animals,
g. shepherd, terriers, sharpei

25
Q

Histopath types of Immunosuppresant Responsive Enteropathy

A

LPE
EGE
Neutrophilic gastroenteritis
granulomatous gastroenteritis

26
Q

pathophys of Immunosuppresant Responsive Enteropathy

A

diffuse cellular infulatration
mucosal inflammation
oedema

27
Q

clinical signs of Immunosuppresant Responsive Enteropathy

A

chronic diarrhoea
abdominal discomfort
flatulence
weight loss
inappetence
vomiting

28
Q

what may occur in case of severe Immunosuppresant Responsive Enteropathy

A

protein losing enteropathy

29
Q

diagnosis of Immunosuppresant Responsive Enteropathy

A

non specific - hypoproteinaemia, leucocytosis, eosiniphilia
specific - intestinal biopsy

30
Q

treatment of Immunosuppresant Responsive Enteropathy

A

immunosuppressive drugs - pred, azathioprine (not for cats), budesonide, cyclosporine

31
Q

non Responsive Enteropathy

A

enteropathy that doesnt respond to any treatment
idiopathic

32
Q

possible choices of treatment

A

pre & pro biotics
faecal transplantation
Mesenchymal stem cell treatment
intestinal biopsy

33
Q

types of Intestinal Neoplasia

A

Alimentary lymphoma
lymphosarcoma
intestinal adenosarcoma
intestinal leiomyoma/ leiomyosarcoma

34
Q

clinical signs of Intestinal Neoplasia

A

Chronic diarrhoea
Excess weight loss
haematemesis
anorexia
melaena
vomitting

35
Q

Protein Losing enteropathies

A

any gi condition resulting in a net loss of protein from the body

36
Q

causes of Protein Losing enteropathies

A

lymphangiectasia
IBD
intestinal neoplasia / lymphoma
gi haemorrhage

37
Q

general clinical signs of Protein Losing enteropathies

A

chronic diarrhoea
intestinal protein loss
ascites
oedema
cachexia

38
Q

lymphangiectasia

A

abnormal dilation & dysfunction of lymphatic vessels

39
Q

Predisposition to lymphangiectasia

A

yorkie
rottweiler

40
Q

classification of lymphangiectasia

A

Primary - idiopathiclymphatic abnormality
Secondary - infiltration of lymphatics by; inflammation, fibrosis, neoplasia, infection

41
Q

Clinical signs of lymphangiectasia

A

prolonged protein loss
decreased oncotic pressure
ascites
hydrothorax
fat malabsorption
protein loss
weight loss
chronic diarrhoea

42
Q

diagnosis of PLE

A

intestinal biopsy
Hypoproteinaemia, hypocholesterolaemia, lymphopenia, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia
endoscop - mucosal oedema, rice grain nodules
Abdo US - streaks in submucosa

43
Q

Treatment of PLE

A

protein loss with ultra low fat diet with high bioavailability
inflammation with - cyclosporin or corticosteroids
Antithrombin III
Weekly monitoring of albumin

44
Q
A

SAM Final (48 decks)

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