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SAM Final > 29. Diseases of the adrenal glands in dogs and cats > Flashcards

29. Diseases of the adrenal glands in dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

Decreased adrenal gland hormones
rare but life threatening

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2
Q

Predisposed to Addison’s Disease

A

Young / middle aged animals
Bitches
great dane, rottweiler, poodle, schnauzer, westie

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3
Q

Primary Addison’s Disease

A

if 90% of adrenal cortex tissue is lost
decreased cortisol & aldosterone
Increased ACTH

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4
Q

Cause of primary Addison’s Disease

A

autoimmune destruction of AC
bilateral adrenal tumour
amyloidosis
infection
iatrogenic treatment of cushing’s

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5
Q

Secondary Addison’s Disease

A

decreased cortisol
normal aldosterone
decreased ACTH

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6
Q

causes of Secondary Addison’s Disease

A

long term gcc therapy with abrupt stop
hypophyseal tumour
pituitary tumour
trauma
inflammation

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7
Q

gcc/ cortisol deficiency

A

decreased; GNG, GGL, energy metabolism, fat metabolism, water excretion, mentation & stress tolerance

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8
Q

Aldosterone deficiency

A

loss of Na, Cl, H20
Retention of K+
hypovolaemic shock

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9
Q

Hypovolaemic shock signs

A

Decreased; cardiac conduction, output
Decreased; BP, renal perfusion
muscle weakness
nausea

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10
Q

Clinical signs of Addison’s Disease

A

vomit
diarrhoea
weakness
PU/PD
anorexia
lethargy
dehydration
abdo pain
weight loss
tremor
hypothermia
depression
shock
bradycardia
increased crt

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11
Q

Lab d of Addison’s Disease

A

Mild normocytic normochromic anaemia
eosinophilia
lymphocytosis
Decreased Na, Cl, cholesterol
Increased - Ca, K

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12
Q

Diagnosis of Addison’s Disease

A

ACTH stimulation test
ECG
XRAY
Abdo US

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13
Q

ACTH Stimulation test in case of Addison’s Disease

A

Give 5ug/kg IV tetracosactite
take blood sample at 0 and 1 hr

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14
Q

ECG of Addison’s Disease

A

Spiked T wave
Increased QT distance
Wider QRS complex
Decreased P wave
Increased PR distance
Bradycardia

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15
Q

Treatment of Addison’s Disease

A

Correct any perfusion and dehydration deficits
Correct any electrolyte and acid base imbalance
Steroid supplement - hydrocortisone then dex
Mineralocorticoid supplement

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16
Q

Maintenance therapy of Addison’s Disease

A

Fludrocortisone / DOCP
Prednisolone
NaCl mixed with food

17
Q

Cushing’s disease of a dog

A

Increased cortisol

18
Q

Predisposed to Cushing’s disease of a dog

A

middle/ old aged dogs
poodle
dachshund
yorkie
vizsla
boxer

19
Q

Pituitary dependent cushing’s

A

increased cortisol
increased ACTH
excess acth secretion –> bilateral AC hyperplasia
due to ; hypophysis hyperplasia, adenoma
smaller dogs

20
Q

Adrenocortical tumours

A

larger dogs
increased cortisol
decreased ACTH
independent from acth secretion
contralateral adrenal hyperplasia
due to ; adenoma, carcinoma

21
Q

iatrogenic form of cushing’s disease

A

long lasting gcc therapy
decreased cortisol
decreased acth
due to ac atophy

22
Q

Clinical signs of Cushing’s disease of a dog

A

Polyphagia
PU/PD
Centripetal obesity
Hepatomegaly
Abdominal enlargement
Thin skin
muscle wasting
Atrophied skin
Secondary infections
Alopecia
Hyperpigmentation
Panting
Calcinosis cutis
Anoestrous
Testicular atrophy
Keratin plugs

23
Q

Lab D of Cushing’s disease of a dog

A

Increased; proteolysis, GNG, lipogenesis, ALP, cholesterol, lipaemia, blood glucose
decreased ; USG
leucocytosis
neutrophilia

24
Q

Diagnosis of Cushing’s disease of a dog

A

Low dose dexamethasone suppression test
ACTH stimulation test

25
Q

Low dose dexamethasone suppression test

A

0.01mg/ kg IV dexamethasone
take blood at 0, 4, 8hrs

26
Q

Treatment of Cushing’s in dogs

A

Mitotane
Trilostane
Hypophysectomy
Adrenalectomy

27
Q

Average lifespan of Cushing’s in dogs

A

2 yrs

28
Q

Predisposed of Cushing’s disease of cats

A

Middle/ old aged cats

29
Q

Clinical signs of Cushing’s disease of cats

A

Alopecia
Hyperpigmentation
DM
Keratin plugs
fragile skin

30
Q

Treatment of Cushing’s disease of cats

A

Mitotane is ineffective
give- trilostane,
hypophysectomy
bilateral adrenalectomy

SAM Final (48 decks)

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