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SAM Final > 17. Diagnostic approach of diarrhoea. Principles of treatment > Flashcards

17. Diagnostic approach of diarrhoea. Principles of treatment Flashcards

1
Q

definition of diarrhoea

A

increase in fecal fluidity

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2
Q

4 different pathomenchanisms of diarrhoea

A

osmotic diarrhoea
secretory diarrhoea
exudative diarrhoea
dysmobility

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3
Q

how can diarrhoea be clinically categorised

A

temporally : acute / chronic
aetiologically : intestinal / extraintestinal
anatomically : small / large bowel
Severity : acute - self limiting / acute life threatening

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4
Q

extraintestinal causes of diarrhoea

A

Diseases of non GI digestive organs
Toxic effect
Metabolic Derangements
Systemic Failure
Circulatory failure
Disorders affecting peristalsis
Metastatic Tumour

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5
Q

What metastatic tumour can cause diarrhoea

A

haemagiosarcoma

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6
Q

what non gi digestive organ diseases can cause diarrhoea

A

Pancreatitis
EPI
Cholestasis
PSS

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7
Q

What toxic and metabolic derangements can cause diarrhoea

A

liver failure
kidney failure
endotoxaemia
addison’s
NSAIDS, AB, heavy metals

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8
Q

What systemic infections can cause diarrhoea

A

distemper
leptospirosis
FIP
FeLV
FIV

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9
Q

What circulatory diseases can cause diarrhoea

A

RS- HF
PSS
IMHA

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10
Q

What disorders can affect peristalsis

A

peritonitis
pancreatitis
hyperthyroidism

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11
Q

history of diarrhoea patients

A

Young animal —- infectious
Older — Neoplsatic
symptoms, duration
environment, diet,
Previous therapies

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12
Q

Primary clinical signs of diarrhoea

A

diarrhoea

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13
Q

secondary clinical signs of diarrhoea

A

vomitting
anorexia
hypovolemic shock
abdo discomfort
abdo pain
hypothermia
pain
dehydration
hypovolemia
polyphagis
weight loss

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14
Q

Faeces of small bowel diarrhoea

A

Large watery stool volume
rarely mucus
Melena
Sometimes fat / undigested food

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15
Q

Faeces of Large Bowel diarrhoea

A

Small dense stool volume
mucus is common
fresh blood
no fat / undigested foor

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16
Q

Defecation of small bowel diarrhoea

A

rarely tenesmus
no urgency
normal frequency

17
Q

Defecation of large bowel disease

A

Tenesmus is common
Urgency is common
Increased frequency

18
Q

Is vomitting more common in large or small bowel diarrhoea

A

Small > large

19
Q

Is gas more common in large or small diarrhoea

A

small

20
Q

Is weight loss more common in small or large bowel diarrhoea

A

small

21
Q

Why use Lab D in diarrhoea patietns

A

to rule out extraintestinal causes

22
Q

Lab D of diarrhoea

A

Serum Albumin <20mg/l –> PLE
Lipase
TLI
ACTH
T4
FeLV
FIV

23
Q

If PLE is present then you need to excluse

A

renal & hepatic causes

24
Q

If PLE is not present, you need to excluse

A

EPI

25
Q

Causes of decreased cobalmin

A

EPI
distal SID
dysbiosis
SIBO

26
Q

Causes of decreased folate

A

Proximal SID

27
Q

causes of increased folate

A

dysbiosis

28
Q

faecal analysis

A

flotation - parasites
direct smear & cytology
fresh - protozoa, para eggs
bacterial culture - campylobacter, salmonella, c
Faecal antigen testing
Inflammatory markers

29
Q

Faecal Antigen testing for viruses

A

Parvo - ELISA
Cornoa - PCR

30
Q

Faecal Antigen testing for bacteria

A

Campylobacter - PCR
Cl. - ELISA

31
Q

Faecal Antigen testing for protozoa

A

Giardia - ELISA
Tritrichomonas - PCR

32
Q

what inflammatory markers do you check for in faecal sampling

A

calmprotectin
Faecal s100a12
lactoferrin

33
Q

diagnostic imaging of diarrhoea

A

contrast radiography
abdominal US
endoscopy
ex. lap
intestinal biopsy

34
Q

what can an abdo US show

A

ileus, sub sileus
intussusception
inspection of the gi layers
abdo viscera
FNA, cytology, abdocentesis

35
Q

when do you use endoscopy for diarrhoea examination

A

in chronic intestinal disorders & sampling
can check mucosa - friability, granularity, erosion, masses, lymphatic dilation

36
Q
A

SAM Final (48 decks)

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