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SAM Final > 13. Diseases of the stomach in dogs and cats > Flashcards

13. Diseases of the stomach in dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

definition of acute gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

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2
Q

what is the most common cause of vomiting

A

acute gastritis

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3
Q

which animal is more susceptible to acute gastritis

A

dog > cat

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4
Q

causes of acute gastritis

A

Food: spoiled, high fat, contaminated
Intolerance & Allergy
Bacteria, virus
toxic plants
irritating drugs
chemicals
foreign bodies

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5
Q

clinical signs of acute gastritis

A

acute onset of vomiting
loss of appetite
fever
abdominal pain

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6
Q

diagnosis of acute gastritis

A

history, physical exam
if condition worsens within 1-3 days
- US, CBC, serum biochem

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7
Q

treatment of acute gastritis

A

NPO for 24hrs
antiemetics - maropitant
IVFT
gi prescription diet

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8
Q

what is GEU

A

gastric erosive ulcerative disease

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9
Q

predisposition to GEU

A

NSAIDS
corticosteroids
metabolic diseases
altered gastric blood flow - stress related factors
increased acid secretion
toxic traumatic agents
gastric neoplasia - MCT

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10
Q
A
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10
Q

NSAIDS responsible for GEU

A

aspirin, phenylbutazone, ketoprofen, flunixin, ibuprofen

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11
Q

corticosteroids responsible for GEU

A

decreased mucosal cell growth
decreased mucus
increased gastric acid secretion
dexmethasone > prednisolone
not usually ulcerogenic on their own

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12
Q

metabolic diseases responsible for GEU

A

liver failure
renal failure
IBD
addison’s
acute pancreatitis
neurological disease

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13
Q

altered gastric flow responsible for GEU

A

hypotension
shock
sepsis
spinal chord diseases
surgery
GDV

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14
Q

increased acid secretion responsible for GEU

A

pancreatic gastrin - secreting tumour
MCT of skin
pyloric outflow obstruction - chronic gastric distension

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15
Q

toxic traumatic agents responsible for GEU

A

bile salts
pancreatic enzymes
lead
foreign body
alcohol

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16
Q

diagnosis of GEU

A

history
endoscopy
physical exam
lab tests
radiography

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17
Q

history of GEU

A

intermittent vomitting
haematemesis
meaenia
recent nsaid/ corticosteroid treatment
acute onset of weakness

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18
Q

endoscopy of GEU

A

benign ulcer
spf erosions
malignant ulcer
biopsy needed

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19
Q

lab tests of GEU

A

anaemia - regenerative, non regen, hypochromic, micocytic
renal failure, liver disease, addison’s

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20
Q

treatment of GEU

A

eliminate the cause
symptommatic supportive therapy - diet, fluid, antiemetics, antacids, protectants
blood transufsion
surgery

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21
Q

aetiology of chronic gastritis

A

lymphocytic plasmocytic - helicobacter, physaloptera
eosinophilic - allergic rxn, immune response to parasites, MCT, idiopathic
atrophic gastritis - due to inflammatory disease
hypertrophic gastritis - idiopathic

22
Q

causes of chronic gastritis

A

helicobacter
dietary antigens
fungal origin
parasites
foreign material
idiopathic

23
Q

symptoms of chronic gastritis

A

intermittent vomititng
no response to treatment
weight loss
anorexia
abdominal pain
haematemesis
melaena

24
Q

diagnosis of chronic gastritis

A

endoscopic/ full thickness biopsy
xray
US
lab d - not useful

25
Q

treatment of chronic gastritis

A

eliminate the cause first - elimination diet, low fat, low fibre diet
anti parasitic control,

then use pred for immunosuppression, antacids, ppi, prokinetics, prokinetics

26
Q

helicobacter associated gastritis
dogs causes

A

h. bizzozeroni, salomonia, heilmaii et felis

27
Q

helicobacter associated gastritis
cat causes

A

h. heilmannii, bizzozeronii et felis

28
Q

diagnosis of helicobacter associated gastritis

A

c-13 urea breath test
endoscopy
rapid urease test

29
Q

treatment of helicobacter associated gastritis

A

rule out other causes of chronic vomiting
amoxiclav + metronidazole for 14days
ppi + azithromycin for cats

30
Q

parasitic gastritis

nameof parasites

A

Dog - physaloptera rara
Cat - ollulanus tricuspis

31
Q

diagnosis of parasitic gastritis

A

flotation
endoscopy
history of chronic vomitting

32
Q

treatment of parasitic gastritis

A

pyrantel - dog
fenbendazole - cat

33
Q

causes of delayed gastric emptying

A

gastric outlet obstruction
gastric motility disorder
gastric neoplasia
GDV

34
Q

causes of gastric outlet obstruction

A

antral pyloric hypertrophy syndrome / stenosis

35
Q

predisposition to gastric outlet obstruction

A

young/ middle aged male brachy

36
Q

diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction

A

contrast study - beak like appearance of pyloric lumen, delayed emptying
endoscopy -narrowed pyloric lumen. thickened mucosa

37
Q

treatment of gastric outlet obstruction

A

pyloroplasty

38
Q

other causes of gastric outlet obstruction

A

chronic hypertrophic gastritis
granulomatous gastritis
gastric ulcer
external compression
foreign body
antral polyps
neoplasia

39
Q

gastric motility disorders
causes

A

gastroenteritis
pancreatitis
peritonitis
abdo pain
chronic gastritis
liver failure
increased Ca2+, decreased K
drugs
post GDV
dysautonomia
DM, addison’s
IBD, constipation
trauma
stress
idiopathic

40
Q

symptoms of gastric motility disorders

A

postprandial abdo discomfort
bloating
chronic vomitting

41
Q

diagnosis of gastric motility disorders

A

documentation of gastric retention
eliminating obstruction and metabolic causes

42
Q

treatment of gastric motility disorders

A

diet
prokinetics

43
Q

diagnosis of gastric motility disorders

A

History - vomiting
Physical exam - normal/ abdo tympany
Xray - fluid - distended stomach
Endoscopy - confirmation of obstruction

44
Q

Lab d gastric motility disorders

A

normal
hypochloraemic metabolic alklaosis

45
Q

gastric neoplasia

A

adenocarcinoma - dogs
lymphoma - cats

46
Q

symptoms of gastric neoplasia

A

weight loss
worsening of vomiting
anorexia
melaena
haematemesis

47
Q

diagnosis of gastric neoplasia

A

symptoms
US
endoscopy
biopsy

48
Q

treatment of gastric neoplasia

A

surgery
chemo

49
Q

gastric dilation volvulus

A

life threatening disorders where the stomach twists on its axis

50
Q

predisposition to gastric dilation volvulus

A

large, deep chested breeds > small breeds
males > females
rapid drinking / eating - vigorius exercise
anxious / stress

51
Q

pathogenesis of gastric dilation volvulus

A
  • Stomach fills with gas – simple gastric dilation (bloat)
  • Bloat –> volvulus (twisting)
  • Blockage of the stomach’s entrance & exit
  • stomach may press on the diaphragm – dyspnoea
  • blood vessel compression – systemic shock –tissue death
  • animal collapse
  • no digestion: accumulation of toxins in the blood, shock worsens
  • possible rupture
52
Q

treatment of gastric dilation volvulus

A

reduce pressure immediately - stomach tube
IVFT
gastropexy or pyloroplasty

53
Q
A

SAM Final (48 decks)

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