13. Diseases of the stomach in dogs and cats Flashcards
definition of acute gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
what is the most common cause of vomiting
acute gastritis
which animal is more susceptible to acute gastritis
dog > cat
causes of acute gastritis
Food: spoiled, high fat, contaminated
Intolerance & Allergy
Bacteria, virus
toxic plants
irritating drugs
chemicals
foreign bodies
clinical signs of acute gastritis
acute onset of vomiting
loss of appetite
fever
abdominal pain
diagnosis of acute gastritis
history, physical exam
if condition worsens within 1-3 days
- US, CBC, serum biochem
treatment of acute gastritis
NPO for 24hrs
antiemetics - maropitant
IVFT
gi prescription diet
what is GEU
gastric erosive ulcerative disease
predisposition to GEU
NSAIDS
corticosteroids
metabolic diseases
altered gastric blood flow - stress related factors
increased acid secretion
toxic traumatic agents
gastric neoplasia - MCT
NSAIDS responsible for GEU
aspirin, phenylbutazone, ketoprofen, flunixin, ibuprofen
corticosteroids responsible for GEU
decreased mucosal cell growth
decreased mucus
increased gastric acid secretion
dexmethasone > prednisolone
not usually ulcerogenic on their own
metabolic diseases responsible for GEU
liver failure
renal failure
IBD
addison’s
acute pancreatitis
neurological disease
altered gastric flow responsible for GEU
hypotension
shock
sepsis
spinal chord diseases
surgery
GDV
increased acid secretion responsible for GEU
pancreatic gastrin - secreting tumour
MCT of skin
pyloric outflow obstruction - chronic gastric distension
toxic traumatic agents responsible for GEU
bile salts
pancreatic enzymes
lead
foreign body
alcohol
diagnosis of GEU
history
endoscopy
physical exam
lab tests
radiography
history of GEU
intermittent vomitting
haematemesis
meaenia
recent nsaid/ corticosteroid treatment
acute onset of weakness
endoscopy of GEU
benign ulcer
spf erosions
malignant ulcer
biopsy needed
lab tests of GEU
anaemia - regenerative, non regen, hypochromic, micocytic
renal failure, liver disease, addison’s
treatment of GEU
eliminate the cause
symptommatic supportive therapy - diet, fluid, antiemetics, antacids, protectants
blood transufsion
surgery
aetiology of chronic gastritis
lymphocytic plasmocytic - helicobacter, physaloptera
eosinophilic - allergic rxn, immune response to parasites, MCT, idiopathic
atrophic gastritis - due to inflammatory disease
hypertrophic gastritis - idiopathic
causes of chronic gastritis
helicobacter
dietary antigens
fungal origin
parasites
foreign material
idiopathic
symptoms of chronic gastritis
intermittent vomititng
no response to treatment
weight loss
anorexia
abdominal pain
haematemesis
melaena
diagnosis of chronic gastritis
endoscopic/ full thickness biopsy
xray
US
lab d - not useful
treatment of chronic gastritis
eliminate the cause first - elimination diet, low fat, low fibre diet
anti parasitic control,
then use pred for immunosuppression, antacids, ppi, prokinetics, prokinetics
helicobacter associated gastritis
dogs causes
h. bizzozeroni, salomonia, heilmaii et felis
helicobacter associated gastritis
cat causes
h. heilmannii, bizzozeronii et felis
diagnosis of helicobacter associated gastritis
c-13 urea breath test
endoscopy
rapid urease test
treatment of helicobacter associated gastritis
rule out other causes of chronic vomiting
amoxiclav + metronidazole for 14days
ppi + azithromycin for cats
parasitic gastritis
nameof parasites
Dog - physaloptera rara
Cat - ollulanus tricuspis
diagnosis of parasitic gastritis
flotation
endoscopy
history of chronic vomitting
treatment of parasitic gastritis
pyrantel - dog
fenbendazole - cat
causes of delayed gastric emptying
gastric outlet obstruction
gastric motility disorder
gastric neoplasia
GDV
causes of gastric outlet obstruction
antral pyloric hypertrophy syndrome / stenosis
predisposition to gastric outlet obstruction
young/ middle aged male brachy
diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction
contrast study - beak like appearance of pyloric lumen, delayed emptying
endoscopy -narrowed pyloric lumen. thickened mucosa
treatment of gastric outlet obstruction
pyloroplasty
other causes of gastric outlet obstruction
chronic hypertrophic gastritis
granulomatous gastritis
gastric ulcer
external compression
foreign body
antral polyps
neoplasia
gastric motility disorders
causes
gastroenteritis
pancreatitis
peritonitis
abdo pain
chronic gastritis
liver failure
increased Ca2+, decreased K
drugs
post GDV
dysautonomia
DM, addison’s
IBD, constipation
trauma
stress
idiopathic
symptoms of gastric motility disorders
postprandial abdo discomfort
bloating
chronic vomitting
diagnosis of gastric motility disorders
documentation of gastric retention
eliminating obstruction and metabolic causes
treatment of gastric motility disorders
diet
prokinetics
diagnosis of gastric motility disorders
History - vomiting
Physical exam - normal/ abdo tympany
Xray - fluid - distended stomach
Endoscopy - confirmation of obstruction
Lab d gastric motility disorders
normal
hypochloraemic metabolic alklaosis
gastric neoplasia
adenocarcinoma - dogs
lymphoma - cats
symptoms of gastric neoplasia
weight loss
worsening of vomiting
anorexia
melaena
haematemesis
diagnosis of gastric neoplasia
symptoms
US
endoscopy
biopsy
treatment of gastric neoplasia
surgery
chemo
gastric dilation volvulus
life threatening disorders where the stomach twists on its axis
predisposition to gastric dilation volvulus
large, deep chested breeds > small breeds
males > females
rapid drinking / eating - vigorius exercise
anxious / stress
pathogenesis of gastric dilation volvulus
- Stomach fills with gas – simple gastric dilation (bloat)
- Bloat –> volvulus (twisting)
- Blockage of the stomach’s entrance & exit
- stomach may press on the diaphragm – dyspnoea
- blood vessel compression – systemic shock –tissue death
- animal collapse
- no digestion: accumulation of toxins in the blood, shock worsens
- possible rupture
treatment of gastric dilation volvulus
reduce pressure immediately - stomach tube
IVFT
gastropexy or pyloroplasty
