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SAM Final > 2. Diseases of the trachea and bronchi > Flashcards

2. Diseases of the trachea and bronchi Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases of the larynx

A

Laryngitis
Obstructive laryngitis
Laryngeal Paralysis
Laryngeal Collapse & BOA syndrome
Laryngeal Neoplasia

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2
Q

Infectious Agents of Laryngitis

A

CAV -2 ( adeno)
CPIV (parainfluenza virus)
Bordetella Br

FHV-1 (herpes)
FCV (calci)

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3
Q

Other causes of Laryngitis

A

local irritation

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4
Q

Clinical signs of Laryngitis

A

Loud cough
fever
pneumonia
lethargy

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5
Q

Treatment of Laryngitis

A

AB (doxycycline, amoxiclav)
Antitussives (Butorphanol, hydrocodone)
GCC
Tracheostomy

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6
Q

Clinical signs of Obstructive Laryngitis

A

severe respiratory distress
dysphonia
stridor
dyspnoea

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7
Q

diagnosis of Obstructive Laryngitis

A

histopath is imperative to distinguish btw neoplasia and obstructive inflammatory disease

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8
Q

Treatment of Obstructive Laryngitis

A

GCC
Tracheostomy tube placement

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9
Q

what is laryngeal paralysis

A

where the arytenoid cartilage fails to abduct during inspiration

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10
Q

What can cause laryngeal paralysis

A

a lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
idiopathic

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11
Q

what animals are most susceptible to laryngeal paralysis

A

older animals
large breed dogs

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12
Q

Causes of laryngeal paralysis

A

idiopathic
trauma
systemic neuromuscular disease

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13
Q

most susceptible dog breeds for laryngeal paralysis

A

Bouvier des flandres
Siberian huskey
Bull terrier
Lab
St. Bernard
Irish Setter

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14
Q

Clinical Signs of laryngeal paralysis

A

stridor
exercise intolerance
voice change
coughing
resp distress
hyperthermia

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15
Q

diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis

A

inspection
paradoxical movement
complete neurological exam
xray

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16
Q

Treatment of laryngeal paralysis

A

supplemental oxygen
sedation
Treatment for hyperthermia
GCC
furosemide
treat underlying cause

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17
Q

Surgery of laryngeal paralysis

A

To open the airway
partial laryngectomy
arytenoid lateralisation
removal of vocal folds

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18
Q

If laryngeal paralysis is untreated, what may occur

A

aspiration pneumonai

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19
Q

BOA

types of malformations

A

congenital airway malformations in brachycephalic dogs – stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, hypoplastic trachea, laryngeal saccular oedema & eversion

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20
Q

How does laryngeal collapse occur

A

chronic increase in negative pressure during inspiration
laryngeal cartilages will weaken and collapse
there will be medially displaced cuneiform & corniculate processes

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21
Q

Clinical signs of laryngeal collapse

A

stridor
resp distress
syncope

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22
Q

Treatment of laryngeal collapse

A

Sedation
Oxygen
Cooling
GCC
Furosemide
Surgical treatment of congenital malformation

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23
Q

Surgical treatment of stenotic nares

A

Opening - wedge resection/ laser ablation

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24
Q

Laryngeal Tumours

A

Chondrolipoma which is rare and metastatic
Cats - SCC, lymphoma
Dogs - Malignant epithelial tumours, rhabdomyoma

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25
Q

Clinical signs of Laryngeal Tumours

A

dysphonia
stridor
resp distress
gagging
coughing

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26
Q

Diagnosis of Laryngeal Tumours

A

laryngoscopy -> biopsy

27
Q

Treatment of Laryngeal Tumours

A

Surgery - partial laryngectomy, permanent tracheostomy

28
Q

Physical exam of the trachea

A

Coughing - can be elicited
Palpation - of neck, emphysema, collapse, mass
Auscultation - over larynx, trachea & lung
goose honk, wheezing expiratory

29
Q

Cause of respiratory acidosis

A

Stenotic disease -> increased airway resistance -> hypoventilation -> resp acidosis

30
Q

what can chronic obstruction of the trachea lead to

A

Pulmonary hypertension

31
Q

Diagnostic tests of tracheal diseases

A

XRAY - LL, VD, DV
Tracheobronchoscopy
Lab D

32
Q

Diseases of the trachea

A

Noninfectious tracheitis
Infectious tracheobronchitis, CIRDC, Kennel Cough
Tracheal Collapse
Tracheal Hypoplasia
Tracheal Parasites

33
Q

Causes of Noninfectious tracheitis

A

prolonged barking
collapsing trachea
chronic cardiac disease
allergic lower airway disease

34
Q

Diagnosis of Noninfectious tracheitis

A

Firm palpation of the thoracic inlet –> typical tracheal cough
Tonsils
Cardiac murmur
lung sounds
Xray
Atopy screening

35
Q

Treatment of Noninfectious tracheitis

A

Antitiussives
Bronchodilators
Prednisolone
Nebulisation
Treat underlying disease

36
Q

what is CIRD

A

canine infectious resp disease complex

37
Q

Causes of CIRD

A

CAdV - 2 - adeno
CPIV - parainfluenze
CaHV - 1 - herpes
CRCoV - resp corona
Bordetella
Mycoplasma
Distemper

38
Q

History of CIRD

A

Highly contagious
in a kennel

39
Q

Clinical signs CIRD

A

Dry
hacking
paroxysmal cough in generally healthy dogs

40
Q

Treatment of CIRD

A

Antitussives
AB
Bronchodilators

41
Q

What animals are susceptible to tracheal collapse

A

Middle aged / old
miniature breeds
Acquired > congenital

42
Q

Susceptible breeds to Tracheal collapse

A

Chihuahua
Yorkie
Toy poodle
Shih Tzu
Lhasa Apso
Pomeranian

43
Q
A
44
Q

Aetiology of Tracheal collapse

A

Deficiency in the organic matrix –> tracheal & bronchomalacia –> stretching of trachea’s dorsal membrane –> collapse

45
Q

Problems associated with Tracheal collapse

A

Chronic Cough
Chronic airway / pulmonary parenchymal disease
chronic cardiac disease
obeisity
mass

46
Q

History of Tracheal collapse

A

Long history of coughing
mild / intermittent / paroxysmal

47
Q

Clinical Signs of Tracheal collapse

A

Goose honk cough - elicited by palpation, eating, drinking, excitement,
cyanosis
symptoms are chronic, progressive, irreversible

48
Q

Diagnosis of Tracheal collapse

A

Auscultation
Palpation
Xray
Bronchoscopy

49
Q

Stages of Tracheal collapse

A

I - IV

50
Q

Treatment of Tracheal collapse

A

Emergency - sedation, oxygen, gcc, intubation, cooling

Medical - antitussives, pred, bronchodilators, nebulisation

Surgery - intraluminal stents, extraluminal prosthesis

51
Q

Tracheal hypoplasia

A

congenital problem diagnosed in young dogs

52
Q

Susceptible breeds of Tracheal hypoplasia

A

bull dogs
boston terriers

53
Q

Clinical signs of Tracheal hypoplasia

A

Dyspnoea
Productive cough
fever
Brachycephalic airway syndrome

54
Q

Diagnosis of Tracheal hypoplasia

A

Auscultation
Palpation
Xray (may mimic tracheitis)

55
Q

Lab d of Tracheal hypoplasia

A

leucocytosis

56
Q

prognosis of Tracheal hypoplasia

A

depend on: degree of hypoplasia, concurrenct upper resp disease, congenital cardiac disorder

57
Q

Treatment of Tracheal hypoplasia

A

Treat brachy syndrome
Treat bronchopneumonia id needed
no known surgery

58
Q

Prevention of Tracheal hypoplasia

A

Breeding

59
Q

Names of tracheal parasites

A

oslerus osleri - lungworm

60
Q

Clinical signs of tracheal parasites

A

chronic dysnpnoea
cough
insp wheezing sounds

61
Q

Diagnosis of tracheal parasites

A

worms in carina

62
Q

Treatment of tracheal parasites

A

fenbendazole for 2 weeks

63
Q
A

SAM Final (48 decks)

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