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SAM Final > 11. Diseases of the oral and pharyngeal cavities. Ileus. > Flashcards

11. Diseases of the oral and pharyngeal cavities. Ileus. Flashcards

1
Q

dental formula of dogs

A

I3/3 C1/1 PM4/4 M2/3

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2
Q

dental formula of cats

A

I3/3 C1/1 PM3/2 M1/1

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3
Q

examination of tongue

A

shape
size
surface
colour
consistency
moveability

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4
Q

examination of gum

A

colour
moisture
intactness

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5
Q

examination of salivary glands

A

size
surface
colour

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6
Q

clinical signs of dysphagia

A

inappetance
halitosis
pawing at the mouth
hypersalivation
facial swelling
oral haemorrhage
nasal discharge
inability to swallow
dropping food

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7
Q

differential diagnosis of dysphagia

A

dental disease
oral ulcer
trauma
fracture
stomatitis
glossitis
gingivitis
oersophageal disease
neoplasia
granuloma
myositosis

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8
Q

where can myositosis occur

A

temperomandibular joint
masticator joint

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9
Q

neurological issues that can look like dysphagia

A

tick paralysis
tetanus
botulism
cranial nerve deficit

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10
Q

diagnosis of dysphagia

A

open/ close mouth
signs of systemic disdease
palpate muscles
cranial nerve function
xray
endoscope
CT, MRI
histopath
pcr
elisa
biopsy

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11
Q

definition of Periodontal disease

A

inflammation of supporting structures surrounding the teeth

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12
Q

supporting structures of tooth

A

gingiva
periodontal lig
alveolar bone

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13
Q

predisposition of Periodontal disease

A

older
smaller
non abrasive foods
rough tooth surface
malocclusion
diabetes
retroviral infection

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14
Q

Plaque formation

A

adheres to all surfaces of the tooth

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15
Q

how is plaque formed

A

layers of bacteria, saliva, food become mineralised forming calculus –> cytokine release -> stimulated osteoclasts -> thinning of bone within socket

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16
Q

what is gingivitis

A

reversible inflammation of marginal gum due to plaque in sulcus

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17
Q

what is periodontitis

A

reversible inflammation of marginal gum & supra alveolar tissue

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18
Q

what does tooth loss occur in periodontitis

A

at 80% of loss of support

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19
Q

Clinical signs of periodontitis

A

halitosis
discomfort when eating
bloody saliva
oronasal fistula

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20
Q

treatment of periodontitis

A

plaque removal
polish and scale

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21
Q

prevention of periodontitis

A

daily brushing
chew toys
dental diets

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22
Q

what is FORL

A

Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions

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23
Q

definition of FORL

A

reactivation of odontoclast cells which stimulate the resorption of tooth structure

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24
Q

clinical signs of FORL

A

reluctance to eat dry food
pain with eating
hyperplastic gingival tissue

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25
Q

diagnosis of FORL

A

visual exam and probing
xray - retained roots

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26
Q

treatment of FORL

A

extraction

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27
Q

definition of stomatitis

A

inflammation of oral mucosa

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28
Q

how is stomatitis classified

A

according to lesion and localisation

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29
Q

stomatitis by lesion

A

simple
ulcerative
ulcerative & pseudomembranous
necrotising
Proliferative

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30
Q

stomatitis by localisation

A

gingivitis
periodontitis
glossopalatine arch
faucitis

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31
Q

causes of stomatitis

A

systemic disease
immune mediated disease
immunosuppression
traumatic, physical or chemical
virus
bacteria
fungi

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32
Q

systemic causes of stomatitis

A

uraemia
DM

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33
Q

immune mediated causes of stomatitis

A

SLE
pemphigus foliceus
idiopathic vasculitis

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34
Q

viral causes of stomatitis

A

FeLV
FIV
FIP
FCV
FHV
FPV
distemper

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35
Q

bacterial causes of stomatitis

A

bartonella henslae

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36
Q

fungal causes of stomatitis

A

candidiasis
cryptococcus

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37
Q

Clinical signs of stomatitis

A

anorexia
dsyphagia
salivation
pain when eating
difficult to open mouth
enlarged LN
ulcers
reddening
erosions
vessicles
plaque

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38
Q

predisposition of ulcerative stomatitis

A

maltese
king charles

39
Q

clinical signs of ulcerative stomatitis

40
Q

diagnosis of ulcerative stomatitis

A

hematology
biochem
urinalysis
PCR
ELISA
biopsy

41
Q

differential of ulcerative stomatitis

A

palatine ulcers
neoplasia

42
Q

definition feline chronic gingivostomatitis

A

inflammation and proliferation of gingiva and oral mucosa

43
Q

cause of feline chronic gingivostomatitis

A

unknown, hypersensitivity
viral - FCV,FHV 1, FIV, FLV
Bacteria - bartonella henslae

44
Q

diagnosis of feline chronic gingivostomatitis

A

PCR
biopsy
histopath
diffuse lymphocytic infiltration in mucosa

45
Q

clinical signs of feline chronic gingivostomatitis

A

same as stomatitis

46
Q

treatment of feline chronic gingivostomatitis

A

prophylactic dental
AB
extraction
antiinflammatory
cyclosporin

47
Q

Feline eosinophilic granuloma cause

A

unknown, idiopathic, hypersensitivity, infectious, immune mediated

48
Q

what is an ulcer compared to a granuloma

A

ulcer - upper lip. well circumscribed, symetrical, non pruritic, red/ brown, ulcerated

granuloma - tongue, lips, gums, single/ multiple, discrete, firm or raised, may ulcerate

49
Q

clinical signs of Feline eosinophilic granuloma

A

dysphagia
ptyalism
oral pain

50
Q

Diagnosis of Feline eosinophilic granuloma

A

CBC
biopsy
histopath
allergy

51
Q

differential of Feline eosinophilic granuloma

A

neoplasia
foreign body reaction
mycosis

52
Q

treatment of Feline eosinophilic granuloma

A

prednisolone
cyclosporine
irradiation

53
Q

Masticatory muscle myositis cause

A

immune attack

54
Q

predisposition of Masticatory muscle myositis

A

dobermann
rottweilerlin

55
Q

clinical signs of Masticatory muscle myositis
acute

A

inflammation - dysphagia, pain, localised swelling, exophthalmos

56
Q

clinical signs of Masticatory muscle myositis
chronic

A

fibrosis - no mouth opening, bilateral atrophy

57
Q

diagnosis of Masticatory muscle myositis

A

biopsy, histopath,serum 2M AB

58
Q

treatment of Masticatory muscle myositis

A

prednisolone
NG tubing

59
Q

diseases of the tongue

A

glossitis
tumour
congenital macroglossia
strangulation of tongue
trauma

60
Q

diseases of the salivary glands

A

sialocele
sialodentis
sialoadenosis

61
Q

what is sialocele

A

enlargement associated with a salivary gland due to accumulation of saliva within surrounding tissue

62
Q

cause of sialocele

A

idiopathic
trauma

63
Q

clincial signs of sialocele

A

dysphagia
gaggine

64
Q

treatment of sialocele

A

surgical removal of glands / ducts

65
Q

what is sialodentis

A

inflammatory response with no evidence of infection. pain

66
Q

clinical signs of sialodentis

A

dysphagia
gagging
fever

67
Q

treatment of sialodentis

68
Q

what is sialoadenosis

A

bilateral, large, non inflammatory enlargement. Non painful

69
Q

Clinical signs of sialoadenosis

A

wretching
gulping
ptyalism

70
Q

diagnosis of sialoadenosis

71
Q

oral neoplasia of dog

A

malignant melanoma > scc > fibrosarcoma

72
Q

oral neoplasia of cat

A

scc > fibrosarcoma

73
Q

predisposition of malignant melanoma

A

older, medium sized dogs

74
Q

prognosis of malignant melanoma

A

bad, metastasis is common

75
Q

treatment of malignant melanoma

A

surgery, chemo, radiation

76
Q

SCCS invasiveness

A

ulcerative & locally invasive into surrounding bone
highly metastaic if located caudally in mouth

77
Q

treatment of scc

A

nose removal
chemo
maxilla or mandibular removal

78
Q

fibrosarcoma predisposition

A

older large breeds
retrivers

79
Q

origin of fibrosarcoma

A

gingiva or palate

80
Q

treatment of fibrosarcoma

A

excision
radiotherapy

81
Q

epulis 2 types

A

acanthomatous
fibromatous

82
Q

where do acanthomatous epulis arise from

A

periodontal ligament and invade the bone

83
Q

where do fibromatous epulis arise from

A

dental laminar epithelium. not invasive

84
Q

what is ileus

A

distruption of the normal propulsive gi motor activity

85
Q

predispoisiton of ileus

A

young
large

86
Q

types of mechanical ileus

A

intraluminal, intramural, extramural

87
Q

types of functional ileus

A

paralytic, vascular bowel disease, spastic bowel segment

88
Q

cause of foreign body ileus

A

solid/ cavitary object
linear foreign bodies
trichobezoar

89
Q

pathophysiology of ileus

A

intestinal spams and ischaemia, impaired peristalsis, fluid, electrolyte imbalance

90
Q

clinical signs of ileus

A

no appetite
depressed
vomitting
abdo pain
praying position of dog
dehydration

91
Q

abdominal palpation of ileus

A

foreign body
wide intestines
bunching of intestines
no faeces

92
Q

diagnosis of ileus

A

xray
contrast x ray
US
ex lap

SAM Final (48 decks)

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