49. Diseases of the external ear in dogs and cats Flashcards
which species is more predisposed
dogs >cats
what is otitis externa
acute or chronic inflammation of the external ear
what can acute otitis externa lead to
chronic otitis externa
what can be seen in the case that acute leads to chronic
ceruminous gland hyperplasia
epithelial hyperplasia
hyperkeratosis
follicular hyperplasia
what are the long term consequences of chronic otitis externa
apocrine gland rupture
sebaceous gland degeneration
auditory canal fibrosis, stricture or calcification
predisposition to otitis externa
hanging auditory canal
narrow auditory canal
frequent bathing
swimmine
increased cerumen from glands
increased soft tissue
primary causes of otitis externa
otodectes
demodex
endocrine disorders
contact hypersensititivity
keratinisation disorders
AIDs
sarcoptes
atopy
food allergy
foreign body
tumour
secondary causes of otitis externa
bacteria
yeast
irritative drugs
over cleaning
perpetuating factors that maintain inflammation
skin oedema
skin fibrosis
ulceration
thickened skin
stricture
decreased epithelial migration
ceruminous gland obstruction or dilation
diagnosis of otitis externa
otoscope exam
cleaning
repeat otoscope
sampling
what can be seen with otoscope exam
ear canal width and length
skin of pinnas concave surface
skin of ear canal
state of tympaanic membrane
sensititivty of ear canal
discharge
3 types of ear cleaning agents
cerumenolytics
drying agents
disinfectants
what is a cerumenolytic used for
emulsifying wax/ lipid containing contents
what are drying agents used for
lowers hte pH of the ear, causing keratolysis and antimicrobial effect
types of cerumenolytics
Dioctyl sodium
Calcium sulphosuccinate
Squalene
Glycerine
types of drying agents
Salicylic acid
Benzoic acid
Acetic acid
Lactic acid
disinfectant for the ear
chrlohexidine
other treatment for otitis externa
topical and systemic AB, antimycotics, antiparasititcs or antiinflammatories
bacterial otitis externa
staphylococcus
pseudomonas
streptococcus
e. coli
enterobacter
proteua
fungal otitis externa
malassezia pachydermatis
candida
microspora
parasitic otitis externa
otodectes
ticks
demodex
otodectes cynotis predisposition
cats > dogs
young > old
otodectes cynotis clinical signs
intensive scratching and shaking
black, crusty ear surface
red, inflamed surface
black - brown discharge
v painful
Malassezia pachydermatis clinical signs
thickened, wrinkled ear surface
dark brown discharge
inflammation
cobble stoned pattern of skin
canal stricture
bowling pin shaped fungi under microscope
most common foreign body in ear
fox tail grass
clinical signs of fox tail grass
sudden unilateral onset
pain
scratching
bloody discharge
shaking
head tilt
pus
treatement of fox tail
removal
cleaning
mass in dog ear
papilloma > adenocarcinoma > polyps
history of mass in dog ear
smelly, bloody discharge
severe middle ear symptoms over a chronic period
treatment of mass in dog
total ear canal ablation
ventral bulla osteotomy
examination of mass in dog ear
Possible visible mass; Narrowed ear canal
Bloody discharge; Debris & pus
Inflamed & irregular skin
Sensitive & painful
mass in cat ear
polyps is most common
history of polyps in cat
head tilt
scratching
resp symptoms
smelly discharge
horners
examination of polyps in cat
visible
large discharge
closed ear canal
inflammation and irregular skin
senstitive and painful
treatment of polyps in cats
traction removal
gcc
surgery
staphylococcus in ear clinical signs
Erythematous inflammation; Pustules; Pus
Mild ear canal narrowing
Painful & sensitive
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ear clinical signs
Reddened canal; dry, brown contents; Inflammed; Ulcers
Mild narrowing; Some creamy-brown discharge
Highly sensitive & painful
