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SAM Final > 49. Diseases of the external ear in dogs and cats > Flashcards

49. Diseases of the external ear in dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

which species is more predisposed

A

dogs >cats

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2
Q

what is otitis externa

A

acute or chronic inflammation of the external ear

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3
Q

what can acute otitis externa lead to

A

chronic otitis externa

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4
Q

what can be seen in the case that acute leads to chronic

A

ceruminous gland hyperplasia
epithelial hyperplasia
hyperkeratosis
follicular hyperplasia

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5
Q

what are the long term consequences of chronic otitis externa

A

apocrine gland rupture
sebaceous gland degeneration
auditory canal fibrosis, stricture or calcification

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6
Q

predisposition to otitis externa

A

hanging auditory canal
narrow auditory canal
frequent bathing
swimmine
increased cerumen from glands
increased soft tissue

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7
Q

primary causes of otitis externa

A

otodectes
demodex
endocrine disorders
contact hypersensititivity
keratinisation disorders
AIDs
sarcoptes
atopy
food allergy
foreign body
tumour

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8
Q

secondary causes of otitis externa

A

bacteria
yeast
irritative drugs
over cleaning

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9
Q

perpetuating factors that maintain inflammation

A

skin oedema
skin fibrosis
ulceration
thickened skin
stricture
decreased epithelial migration
ceruminous gland obstruction or dilation

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10
Q

diagnosis of otitis externa

A

otoscope exam
cleaning
repeat otoscope
sampling

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11
Q

what can be seen with otoscope exam

A

ear canal width and length
skin of pinnas concave surface
skin of ear canal
state of tympaanic membrane
sensititivty of ear canal
discharge

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12
Q

3 types of ear cleaning agents

A

cerumenolytics
drying agents
disinfectants

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13
Q

what is a cerumenolytic used for

A

emulsifying wax/ lipid containing contents

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14
Q

what are drying agents used for

A

lowers hte pH of the ear, causing keratolysis and antimicrobial effect

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15
Q

types of cerumenolytics

A

Dioctyl sodium
Calcium sulphosuccinate
Squalene
Glycerine

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16
Q

types of drying agents

A

Salicylic acid
Benzoic acid
Acetic acid
Lactic acid

17
Q

disinfectant for the ear

A

chrlohexidine

18
Q

other treatment for otitis externa

A

topical and systemic AB, antimycotics, antiparasititcs or antiinflammatories

19
Q

bacterial otitis externa

A

staphylococcus
pseudomonas
streptococcus
e. coli
enterobacter
proteua

20
Q

fungal otitis externa

A

malassezia pachydermatis
candida
microspora

21
Q

parasitic otitis externa

A

otodectes
ticks
demodex

22
Q

otodectes cynotis predisposition

A

cats > dogs
young > old

23
Q

otodectes cynotis clinical signs

A

intensive scratching and shaking
black, crusty ear surface
red, inflamed surface
black - brown discharge
v painful

24
Q

Malassezia pachydermatis clinical signs

A

thickened, wrinkled ear surface
dark brown discharge
inflammation
cobble stoned pattern of skin
canal stricture
bowling pin shaped fungi under microscope

25
Q

most common foreign body in ear

A

fox tail grass

26
Q

clinical signs of fox tail grass

A

sudden unilateral onset
pain
scratching
bloody discharge
shaking
head tilt
pus

27
Q

treatement of fox tail

A

removal
cleaning

28
Q

mass in dog ear

A

papilloma > adenocarcinoma > polyps

29
Q

history of mass in dog ear

A

smelly, bloody discharge
severe middle ear symptoms over a chronic period

30
Q

treatment of mass in dog

A

total ear canal ablation
ventral bulla osteotomy

31
Q

examination of mass in dog ear

A

Possible visible mass; Narrowed ear canal
Bloody discharge; Debris & pus
Inflamed & irregular skin
Sensitive & painful

32
Q

mass in cat ear

A

polyps is most common

33
Q

history of polyps in cat

A

head tilt
scratching
resp symptoms
smelly discharge
horners

34
Q

examination of polyps in cat

A

visible
large discharge
closed ear canal
inflammation and irregular skin
senstitive and painful

35
Q

treatment of polyps in cats

A

traction removal
gcc
surgery

36
Q

staphylococcus in ear clinical signs

A

Erythematous inflammation; Pustules; Pus
Mild ear canal narrowing
Painful & sensitive

37
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ear clinical signs

A

Reddened canal; dry, brown contents; Inflammed; Ulcers
Mild narrowing; Some creamy-brown discharge
Highly sensitive & painful

38
Q
A

SAM Final (48 decks)

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