43. Differential diagnosis of seizures. Epilepsy Flashcards
myoclonus definition
sudden, brief & involunaty muscle contraction
clonic definition
repetitive myoclonus
seizure definition
any sudden long lasting and transient event
epileptic seizure defintion
transient occurrence of signs and/ or other symptoms due to abnormal synchronous neuronal activity in the brain
epilepsy definition
disorder of the brain characterieed by and enduring preposition to generate seizures
2 or more unprovoked seizures >24hrs apart
clinical exam not during seizure
signalment
full clinical exam
neurological exam
further workup
clinical exam during seizure
description
video analysis
ask owner to examine patient during seizure
problem orientated approach to seizure
VITAMIND
vascular
inflammatory
trauma/ toxin
anomaly
metabolic
idiopathic
neoplastic
degenerative
ictal phase
10secons - 1hr long
convulsions
impaired consciousness
complex behavioural changes
hallucination
clonic
vegetative
tonic
automatism
post ictal phase
<2hrs long
todd’s paralysis
compulsive walking
blindness
deafness
salivation
disorientation
weakness
paresis
ataxia
cicrclinc
barking
panting
treatment of status epilepticus
insert iv catheter
give diazepam (IV or rectally)
repeat every 2mins - max 4 doses
give loading dose phenobarb
repeat every 6hrs
if no response give propofol
paroxysmal event defintiion
sudden outburst/ attack in a particular motione
extracranial causes of paroxysmal event
Hypoglycaemia
Toxicosis
Liver origin
Uraemia
Hyperviscosity
Hypocalcaemia
Severe ascariasis
Hypokalaemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypoxia
Hypernatraemia
intracranial causes of paroxysmal events
Hydrocephalus
Encephalitis
Idiopathic epilepsy
Ischaemia
Lissencephalopathia
Neoplasia
Brain oedema
Infectious
Thromboembolus
Trauma
lab diagnosis of epilepsy
haematocrit
leukocytes
azotamia
hyperosmolarity
urinalysis
glucose
ca2+
na+
acid base
hepatic parameters
imaging diagnosis of epilepst
CT, MRI
differential diagnosis for seizures in dogs
narcolepsy/ catalepsy
exercise induced collapse
canine epileptic cramping syndrome
episodic falling
scottie cramp
chinook seizure
myasthenia gravis
syncope
flea biting
head bobbing
degenerative encephalopathy
increased startle reaction
chiari- like malformation
NARCOLEPSY/CATALEPSY
emotion / exciation induced
either congenital or acquired
congenital narcolepsy
dobermann
lab
dachshund
acquired narcolepsy
autoimmune
treatment of narcolepsy/ catalepsy
amitriptyline
selegiline
predisposition to exercise induced collapse
lab
clumber spaniel
corgi
clinical signs of exercise induced collapse
ataxia
paresis
hyperthermia
diagnosis of exercise induced collapse
genetic testing
treatment of exercise induced collapse
diazepam
buscopan
clorazepate
another name for canine epileptic cramping syndrome
spikes disease
predisposition to canine epileptic cramping syndrome
border terrier
clinical signs of canine epileptic cramping syndrome
ataxia
borborygmi
tremor
vomiting
falling
stiffness
diarrhoea
treatment of canine epileptic cramping syndrome
diazepam
buscopan
clorazepate
another name for episodic falling
hyperekplexia
predisposition to episodic falling
cavalier king charles’
stress/ exercise induced
clinical signs of episodic falling
episodic stiffness and falling
treatment of episodic falling
clonazepam
acetazolamide
predispositon to scottie cramp
scottie
sress/ exercise induced
clincial sign of scottie cramp
episodic stiffness
kyphosis
rigidity
treatment of scottie cramp
diazepam
acp
fluoxetine
clinical signs of chinook seizure
limb in flexion
mild movement
convulsive episodes
what is chinook seizure
congenital paroxysmal dyskinesia
differential diagnosis for seizures in cats
FEPSO
FOPS
FHS
FARS
what is FARS
feline audiogenic reflex seizures
predisposition to FARS
older cats >15yrs
clinical signs of FARS
myoclonic episodes triggered by high frequency sounds
treatment of FARS
levetiracetam
phenobarb
what is FHS
feline hyperaesthesia syndrome
clinical signs of FHS
episodic twitching
rolling skin
aggitation
aggression
licking/ biting of flank
treatment of FHS
gcc
nsaids
amitriptyline
antiepileptics
flea control
what is FEPSO
feline partial seizure with orofacial involvement
epileptic activity within the temporal lobe due to different aetiology
clinical signs of FEPSO
episodic facial twitching
mastication
swallowing
lip smacking
what is FOPS
feline orofacial pain syndrome
may be associated with oral lesions
predispotion to FOPS
burmese cats
clinical signs of FOPS
episodic oral discomfort
tongue mutilation
triggered mouth movements
stress
treatment of FOPS
dental care
phenobarb
diazepam
nsaids
gcc
reduce environmental stress
aim prevention of epilepsy
decrease seizure severity, frequency and duration
decrease adverse effects
preventive meds
phenobarbital
imepitoin
imepitoin & phenobarb
kalium bromide
phenobarbital
GABA agonist
Ca2+ channel blocker
antiepileptic
adverse effects of phenobarb
sedation
ataxia
paraparesis
pu/pd
imepitoin
nzd agonist
new drug
decreased adverse effects
potassium bromide
if seizures are resistant to pheno and imepitoin
adverse effects of kbr
vomiting
paraparesis
pancreatitis
pruritus
