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SAM Final > 43. Differential diagnosis of seizures. Epilepsy > Flashcards

43. Differential diagnosis of seizures. Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

myoclonus definition

A

sudden, brief & involunaty muscle contraction

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2
Q

clonic definition

A

repetitive myoclonus

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3
Q

seizure definition

A

any sudden long lasting and transient event

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4
Q

epileptic seizure defintion

A

transient occurrence of signs and/ or other symptoms due to abnormal synchronous neuronal activity in the brain

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5
Q

epilepsy definition

A

disorder of the brain characterieed by and enduring preposition to generate seizures
2 or more unprovoked seizures >24hrs apart

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6
Q

clinical exam not during seizure

A

signalment
full clinical exam
neurological exam
further workup

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7
Q

clinical exam during seizure

A

description
video analysis
ask owner to examine patient during seizure

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8
Q

problem orientated approach to seizure

A

VITAMIND
vascular
inflammatory
trauma/ toxin
anomaly
metabolic
idiopathic
neoplastic
degenerative

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9
Q

ictal phase

A

10secons - 1hr long
convulsions
impaired consciousness
complex behavioural changes
hallucination
clonic
vegetative
tonic
automatism

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10
Q

post ictal phase

A

<2hrs long
todd’s paralysis
compulsive walking
blindness
deafness
salivation
disorientation
weakness
paresis
ataxia
cicrclinc
barking
panting

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11
Q

treatment of status epilepticus

A

insert iv catheter
give diazepam (IV or rectally)
repeat every 2mins - max 4 doses
give loading dose phenobarb
repeat every 6hrs
if no response give propofol

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12
Q

paroxysmal event defintiion

A

sudden outburst/ attack in a particular motione

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13
Q

extracranial causes of paroxysmal event

A

Hypoglycaemia
Toxicosis
Liver origin
Uraemia
Hyperviscosity
Hypocalcaemia
Severe ascariasis
Hypokalaemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypoxia
Hypernatraemia

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14
Q

intracranial causes of paroxysmal events

A

Hydrocephalus
Encephalitis
Idiopathic epilepsy
Ischaemia
Lissencephalopathia
Neoplasia
Brain oedema
Infectious
Thromboembolus
Trauma

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15
Q

lab diagnosis of epilepsy

A

haematocrit
leukocytes
azotamia
hyperosmolarity
urinalysis
glucose
ca2+
na+
acid base
hepatic parameters

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16
Q

imaging diagnosis of epilepst

A

CT, MRI

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17
Q

differential diagnosis for seizures in dogs

A

narcolepsy/ catalepsy
exercise induced collapse
canine epileptic cramping syndrome
episodic falling
scottie cramp
chinook seizure
myasthenia gravis
syncope
flea biting
head bobbing
degenerative encephalopathy
increased startle reaction
chiari- like malformation

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18
Q

NARCOLEPSY/CATALEPSY

A

emotion / exciation induced
either congenital or acquired

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19
Q

congenital narcolepsy

A

dobermann
lab
dachshund

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20
Q

acquired narcolepsy

A

autoimmune

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21
Q

treatment of narcolepsy/ catalepsy

A

amitriptyline
selegiline

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22
Q

predisposition to exercise induced collapse

A

lab
clumber spaniel
corgi

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23
Q

clinical signs of exercise induced collapse

A

ataxia
paresis
hyperthermia

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24
Q

diagnosis of exercise induced collapse

A

genetic testing

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25
Q

treatment of exercise induced collapse

A

diazepam
buscopan
clorazepate

26
Q

another name for canine epileptic cramping syndrome

A

spikes disease

27
Q

predisposition to canine epileptic cramping syndrome

A

border terrier

28
Q

clinical signs of canine epileptic cramping syndrome

A

ataxia
borborygmi
tremor
vomiting
falling
stiffness
diarrhoea

29
Q

treatment of canine epileptic cramping syndrome

A

diazepam
buscopan
clorazepate

30
Q

another name for episodic falling

A

hyperekplexia

31
Q

predisposition to episodic falling

A

cavalier king charles’
stress/ exercise induced

32
Q

clinical signs of episodic falling

A

episodic stiffness and falling

33
Q

treatment of episodic falling

A

clonazepam
acetazolamide

34
Q

predispositon to scottie cramp

A

scottie
sress/ exercise induced

35
Q

clincial sign of scottie cramp

A

episodic stiffness
kyphosis
rigidity

36
Q

treatment of scottie cramp

A

diazepam
acp
fluoxetine

37
Q

clinical signs of chinook seizure

A

limb in flexion
mild movement
convulsive episodes

38
Q

what is chinook seizure

A

congenital paroxysmal dyskinesia

39
Q

differential diagnosis for seizures in cats

A

FEPSO
FOPS
FHS
FARS

40
Q

what is FARS

A

feline audiogenic reflex seizures

41
Q

predisposition to FARS

A

older cats >15yrs

42
Q

clinical signs of FARS

A

myoclonic episodes triggered by high frequency sounds

43
Q

treatment of FARS

A

levetiracetam
phenobarb

44
Q

what is FHS

A

feline hyperaesthesia syndrome

45
Q

clinical signs of FHS

A

episodic twitching
rolling skin
aggitation
aggression
licking/ biting of flank

46
Q

treatment of FHS

A

gcc
nsaids
amitriptyline
antiepileptics
flea control

47
Q

what is FEPSO

A

feline partial seizure with orofacial involvement
epileptic activity within the temporal lobe due to different aetiology

48
Q

clinical signs of FEPSO

A

episodic facial twitching
mastication
swallowing
lip smacking

49
Q

what is FOPS

A

feline orofacial pain syndrome
may be associated with oral lesions

50
Q

predispotion to FOPS

A

burmese cats

51
Q

clinical signs of FOPS

A

episodic oral discomfort
tongue mutilation
triggered mouth movements
stress

52
Q

treatment of FOPS

A

dental care
phenobarb
diazepam
nsaids
gcc
reduce environmental stress

53
Q

aim prevention of epilepsy

A

decrease seizure severity, frequency and duration
decrease adverse effects

54
Q

preventive meds

A

phenobarbital
imepitoin
imepitoin & phenobarb
kalium bromide

55
Q

phenobarbital

A

GABA agonist
Ca2+ channel blocker
antiepileptic

56
Q

adverse effects of phenobarb

A

sedation
ataxia
paraparesis
pu/pd

57
Q

imepitoin

A

nzd agonist
new drug
decreased adverse effects

58
Q

potassium bromide

A

if seizures are resistant to pheno and imepitoin

59
Q

adverse effects of kbr

A

vomiting
paraparesis
pancreatitis
pruritus

SAM Final (48 decks)

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