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SAM Final > 27. Diseases of the thyroid gland in dogs and cats > Flashcards

27. Diseases of the thyroid gland in dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

Main thyroid hormones

A

TRH - thyrotropin releasing hormone
TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone
T3 - triiodothyronine
T4 - thyroxine

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2
Q

Effect of thyroid hormones

A

Regulation of catabolism (weight loss/gain)
Regulation of chronotrop (oheart rate)
Regulation of body temperature
Regulation of digestion (alters the speed)
Control of muscle contraction
Control of cell apoptosis & replacement

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3
Q

is Canine Hypothyroidism congenital

A

Rarely
Usually acquired

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4
Q

Primary Canine Hypothyroidism

A

Thyroid failure
Autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland
Decreased T4
Increased TSH

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5
Q

Secondary Canine Hypothyroidism

A

Pituitary failure
TSH deficiency —> follicular atrophy
Due to extrathyroidal gland illness - SES, neoplasia
Decreased T4
Decreased TSH

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6
Q

Tertiary Canine Hypothyroidism

A

Hypothalamus failure
Due to decreased TRH
Decreased T4
Decreased TSH

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7
Q

Predisposed to Canine Hypothyroidism

A

Dogs > cats
Young/ middle aged
Larger
Retriever
Dobermann
Boxer
Dachshung
Poodle
Schnauzer

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8
Q

Pathogenesis of Canine Hypothyroidism

A

Usually lymphocytic thyroiditis –> slow cellular metabolism –> decreased metabolic rate

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9
Q

Clinical signs of Canine Hypothyroidism

A
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Lethargy
  • Weight gain/obesity
  • Arthropathy
  • Skin thickening
  • Anoestrous
  • Hyperpigmentation
  • ↓ Fertility
  • Alopecia (rat tail)
  • ↓ Libido
  • Testicular atrophy
  • Facial paralysis
  • Facial expression changes
  • Ataxia
  • Vestibular signs
  • Obstipation
  • Megaoesophagus
  • Bradycardia
  • ↓ ECG amplitude
  • Weak heartbeat
  • Myxoedema
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10
Q

Lab D of Canine Hypothyroidism

A

Anaemia
Lipaemia
Increased ; cholesterol
Decreased ; Thyroxine, TSH

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11
Q

Diagnosis of Canine Hypothyroidism

A

Lab d
TRH / TSH stimulation test
Thyroid scintigraphy

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12
Q

Treatment of Canine Hypothyroidism

A

L- thyroxine

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13
Q

Acute myxoedema coma cases

A

IV thyroxine
IV steroids
Broad spec abx
Passive rewarming with blankets

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14
Q

Canine Sick Euthyroid syndrome

A

Decreased T3
Decreased T4
with no thyroid involement

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15
Q

Causes of Canine Sick Euthyroid syndrome

A

Cushing’s
Surgery
Addison’s
Anaesthesia
DM
T3/ T4 supressing drugs

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16
Q

Congenital Hypothyroidism in young animals

A

Thyroid dysgenesis
enzyme deficiency — decreased hormone synthesis

17
Q

Acquired Hypothyroidism in young animals

A

iodine deficiency
Lymphhocytic thyroiditis

18
Q

Clinical signs of Hypothyroidism in neonates

A

Myxoedema
large fontanelle
suckling difficulties
goitre
hypothermia
hypoactivity

19
Q

Clinical signs of Hypothyroidism in later animals who had it as a younger animal

A

Disproportionate dwarfism
missing guard hairs
puffy facial features
goitre
large tongue
lethargy

20
Q

Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism in young animals

A

Thyroid function test
scintigraphy
granular structure of epiphysis on xray

21
Q

predisposed to Hyperthyroidism in cats

A

Middle/ old aged
mixed breed

22
Q

Causes of Hyperthyroidism in cats

A

Functional adenomatous hyperplasia –> gland enlargement
idiotpathic hyperplasia
adenoma
Increased T4
Decreased TSH

23
Q

Clinical signs of Hyperthyroidism in cats

A
  • Polyphagia
  • PU/PD
    Weight loss
  • Nervousness
  • Restlessness
  • Panting
  • Hyperactive aggressiveness
  • Goitre
  • ↑ Faecal volume
  • Vomiting
  • Sudden blindness
  • Arrhythmia
  • Systolic murmur
  • Gallop rhythm
  • Tachycardia → HF
  • Diarrhoea
  • Heat avoidance
  • Hypertension
  • Renal insufficiency
  • Unkempt hair
24
Q

Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism in cats

A

physical exam - tachycardia, hypertension
Lab d
Thyroid scintigraphy

25
Q

Lab d of Hyperthyroidism in cats

A

Increased; serum T4, PCV, ALT, ALP

26
Q

Treatment of Hyperthyroidism in cats

A

Radioactive iodine therapy - gold standard
Iodine131
Surgery - thyroidectomy
Carbimazole, methimazole - blocks thyroid hormone synthesis
Low iodine diet

27
Q

Complications of treatment of Hyperthyroidism in cats

A

Decreaded T4 –> Decreased BP –> decreased GFR –> azotaemia

28
Q

Prognosis of Hyperthyroidism in cats

A

No renal failure ===> good prognosis
renal failure ===> poor prognosis

29
Q

Predisposed to Thyroid tumours in dogs

A

Old boxers
beagles
retrivers

30
Q

What are Thyroid tumours in dogs most likely to be

A

Malignant
unilateral
non hormone producing

31
Q

Clinical signs of Thyroid tumours in dogs

A

Goitre –> dyspnoea, dysphagia
Cough
signs of hyperthyroidism

32
Q

Diagnosis of Thyroid tumours in dogs

A

xray
FNA
Increased T4

33
Q

Treatment of Thyroid tumours in dogs

A

Urgent thyroidectomy
Iodine 131 if tumour is functional

34
Q

If you are performing a bilateral thyroidectomy, what should you do

A

Give L-thyroxine & cytostatic drugs after

SAM Final (48 decks)

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