Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SAM Final > 16. Diseases of the large intestines in dogs and cats. Perineal/perianal diseases > Flashcards

16. Diseases of the large intestines in dogs and cats. Perineal/perianal diseases Flashcards

1
Q

diseases of the large intestine

A

acute colitis
chronic colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

potential causes of Acute Colitis

A

Diet —-low fibre, food intolerance, indiscretion
Parasitic – trichuris vulpis. trichomonas, giardia, cryptosporidium
Bacteria –s. typhimurium, c. difficile/ perfringens, c, jejuni, yersinia enterocolitica
Fungal / Algal — histoplasma, pythium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

diet to treat Acute Colitis

A

NPO 24hrs
low fat, hypoallergic
high digestible food
fibre
metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trichuris Vulpis

A

Intermitten Diarrhoes
Eggs in faeces, colonoscopy, intermitten evacuation
Treat with fenbendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tri trichomonas

A

in distal ileum - colon
cow pat faeces
Treat with Ronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

zoonotic
only symptomatic treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Acute HGE
treat with tylosine, amoxiclav, metronidazole, ampicilin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of chronic colitis

A

Lymphocytic - plasmocytic colitis
Plasmocytic colitis
Eosinophilic Colitis
Chronic Histiocytic ulcerative colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

diagnosis of Chronic Colitis

A

based on histo evidence of mucosal inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Differential diagnosis of Chronic Colitis

A

systemic disease
chronic parasitism
infectious disease
neoplasia
dietary sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of Chronic Colitis

A

Defective mucosal barrier function
abnormal immune response
dysbiosis
genetic
dietary antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lymphocytic plasmocytic colitis

A

where inflammatory cells infiltrate the lining of the GIT due to an abnormal immune response
the most common form of chronic colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical signs of Lymphocytic plasmocytic colitis

A

tenesmus
mucoid faeces
haematochezia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diagnosis of Lymphocytic plasmocytic colitis

A

increased mucosal friability
granularity
loss of submucosal vascularity
erosions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Eosinophilic colitis

A

eosinophils gather in the colon
(due to or caussing need to check injury and irritation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clinical signs of Eosinophilic colitis

A

roughened irregular mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diagnosis of Eosinophilic colitis

A

colonoscopy
more friable & ulcerated than LPC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chronic histiocytic ulcerative colitis

A

disease with unknwon aetiology, causing inflammation and ulceration of the GIT mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Predisposed to Chronic histiocytic ulcerative colitis

A

boxer
frenchie
young males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

causes of Chronic histiocytic ulcerative colitis

A

adherent invasive e. coli
genetic defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

clinical signs of Chronic histiocytic ulcerative colitis

A

l. bowel diarrhoea
lethargy
anorexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

treatment of Chronic histiocytic ulcerative colitis

A

enrofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

uncommon
non inflammatory large bowel disease
abnormal colonic myoelectrical function
large dog breeds - stress induced

24
Q

clinical signs of Irritable bowel syndrome

A

Chronic, intermittent l. bowel diarrhoea
tenesmus
mucoid faeces
haematochezia

25
Q

Diagnosis of Irritable bowel syndrome

A

by exclusion
colonoscopy will be normal

26
Q

treatment of Irritable bowel syndrome

A

to correct abnormal motility
fibre, anxiolytics, loperamide

27
Q

Colon Neoplasia

A

Dog - adenocarcinoma, lymphosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma
Cat - adenocarcinoma, lymphosarcoma, MCT

28
Q

Dietary treatment of large bowel disease

A

novel proteins
high digestibility
high fibre

29
Q

NSAID treatment of large bowel disease

A

contraindicated in cats
mesalazine
balsalazide
olsalazine

30
Q

Anti- inflammatories treatment of large bowel disease

A

pred
budesonide
chlorambucil
cyclosporin

31
Q

Antibiotics treatment of large bowel disease

A

metronidazole
tylosin
amoxiclav
ampicillin
enrofloxacin

32
Q

Perineal Diseases

A

incontinency
perianal fistula
perineal hernia
anal sac disease
anal prolapse

33
Q

Incontinency

types

A

2 subtypes
Reservoir and sphincter

34
Q

Reservoir Incontinence

A

disease of the rectum preventing the storage of stools in a normal manner

35
Q

Sphincter Incontinence

A

Inability of the anal sphincter to remain in a closed position -> leakage of faeces
usually associated with nerve damage

36
Q

Clinical signs of Reservoir Incontinence

A

dog is aware of defecation but cannot control it
Defecation in strange places
Soft, bloody, mucoid stools

37
Q

Clinical signs of sphincter Incontinence

A

redness, inflammation, drainage from rectum
licking of anal region
Change in how tail is carried due to nerve damage

38
Q

diagnosis of Incontinency

A

RDP
neuro exam
xray of spine
faecal flotation
blood test
US, endoscope, biopsy

39
Q

Perianal Fistula

A

abnormal connection btw the anal canal and the perianal region
AKA anal furunculosis

40
Q

predisposition to Perianal Fistula

A

intact mmales
middle aged
g. shepherd

41
Q

possible causes of Perianal Fistula

A

anal gland impaction/ infection
poor air circulation around anal region
AID
genetic disposition

42
Q

clinical signs of Perianal Fistula

A

V. few in early stages
straining
blood in faeces
anorexia
licking of tail / anal region
agressiveness
depressed
chronic, purulent, smelly ulcerating sinus tracts

43
Q

treatment of Perianal Fistula

A

Immune - modulating drugs
cyclosporin
AB
hypoallergic diet
increased ventilation
surgery if severe

44
Q

Perineal hernia

A

weakness of pelvic diaphragm –> displacement of pelvic and abdominal organs into perianal region

45
Q

Clinical signs of Perineal hernia

A

straining to defectate
straining to urinate
perianal swelling
loss of appetite
constipation
vomiting
depression

46
Q

Diagnosis of Perineal hernia

A

RDP
xray
US

47
Q

Treatment of Perineal hernia

A

Surgery
drain bladder if it is trapped within hernial sac
do an internal obturator flap

48
Q

predisposition to Anal Sac disease

A

impaction
inflammation
overweight dogs
abscessation

49
Q

Clinical signs of Anal Sac disease

A

malodorous, oily fluid
scooting
excessive licking
pain
blood / pus from rectum

50
Q

Treatment of Anal Sac disease

A

impaction - express anal glands
AB - clindamycin
Pain relief - meloxicam

51
Q

Anal Prolapse

A

rectum becomes everted and protrudes out of the anus

52
Q

causes of Anal Prolapse

A

straining to defecate for a prolonged time
intestinal worms
dehydration
constipation
diarrhoea
ileus

53
Q

Clinical signs of Anal Prolapse

A

tenesmus
more frequent defecation
change in faecal consistency

54
Q

diagnosis of Anal Prolapse

A

physical exam
RDP

55
Q

Treatment of Anal Prolapse

A

clean area
sedation
purse string suture
AB
analgesia
collar
treat cause

56
Q
A

SAM Final (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions