難以管教的 (–)

Question 1

recalcitrant

Answer 1

recalcitrant [rɪˈkælsɪtrənt]
(a) 不服管教的
(MW1) stubbornly refusing to obeyrules or orders
(MW2) obstinately defiant of authority or restraint: UNRULY
[源] re- (back) + calcitr(heel, kick) ，向後踢 (kick back) 表示 “不服從”。
[衍] recalcitranc [rɪˈkælsɪtrəns] (n) “不服管教”。
[例] The manager worried that the recalcitrant employee would try to undermine his authority.
[解] 字根 calc- 表示 “小石頭”(pebble) ，古代用小石頭算數，所以 calc- 有 “算數” 之意，如calculate“計算”，calculus “微積分”，calculus 另外的意思是“結石” (從 “小石頭” 概念來) 。

Question 2

intransigent

Answer 2

intransigent [ɪnˈtrænsədʒənt]
(a) 不服從的
(MW1) completely unwilling to change:very stubborn
(MW2) characterized by refusal tocompromise or to abandon an extremeposition or attitude: UNCOMPROMISING <intransigentin their opposition > <an intransigent attitude >
[衍] intransigence [ɪnˈtrænsədʒəns] (n) “不服從”。
[例] He has remained intransigent in his opposition to the proposal.

Question 3

unruly

Answer 3

unruly [ʌnˈrulɪ]
(a) 不服管教的
(MW) not readilyruled, disciplined, or managed <an unruly crowd > <a mane ofunruly hair >
[源] un- (not) + rule+ -ly (形尾) ，不服管教的人眼中 “沒有規則”。
[解] 注意此字為 -ly 結尾的形容詞。

Question 4

refractory

Answer 4

refractory [rɪˈfrækˌtorɪ]
(a) 不聽話的
(MW) resistingcontrol or authority: STUBBORN, UNMANAGEABLE
[源] 字源是 stubborn, obstinate。
[衍] refractory [rɪˈfrækˌtorɪ] (n) “不服管教者 (指人) 、耐火材料 (指物) ”。
[例] The refractory horse was eliminated from the race when he refused to obey the jockey (賽馬騎師) .
[解] 此字可形容材料是 “耐火的”：refractory(a) difficult to fuse,corrode, or draw out especially: capableof enduring hightemperature，如耐火建材，引申為 “固執的”、“難駕馭的”，用以形容人。

Question 5

intractable

Answer 5

intractable [ɪnˈtræktəbəl]
(a) 不服管教的 (人) 、難以處理的(問題)
(MW) not easily governed, managed, or directed <intractable problems >
[反] tractabl [ˈtræktəbəl] (a) capableof being easily led, taught, or controlled: DOCILE <a tractablehorse > “容易管教的”。
[衍] intractability [ɪnˌtræktəˈbɪlətɪ] (n) “不服管教”。

Question 6

fractious

Answer 6

fractious [ˈfrækʃəs]
(a) 不合群的
(MW) tending tobe troublesome: UNRULY <a fractiouscrowd >
[衍] fractiousness [ˈfrækʃəsnɪs] (n) “不合群”。
[解] 此字另一義是 “易怒的”。

Question 7

obstreperous

Answer 7

obstreperous [əbˈstrɛpərəs]
(a) 不服管教的
(MW) stubbornly resistant tocontrol: UNRULY
[解] 另一義是 “吵鬧的”。
[記] 聯想：“吵鬧的”小學生 “不服管教”。