其他單字 Flashcards
dubious
dubious [ˈdubɪəs]
(a) 可疑的
(MW) giving rise to uncertainty: of doubtful promise or outcome < a dubious plan >
[源] duo- (two) ，“兩方意見”無法決定，所以 “不確定”、“懷疑的”。
[例] Some critics of the GRE contend the test is of dubious worth.
[解] dubious, ambiguous, equivocal 都有 “二、相等”的字根在其中，字義也都有“模糊”、“不確 定”、“懷疑”的意涵，要一起記。
dubious
honor/distinction
(of doing sth.)
dubious honor/distinction (of doing sth.) (phr)
不光彩/光榮
(AL) usedironically inphrases like dubious honorand dubious distinction to describesomething bad or undesirable as if it were an honor orachievement
[例] We hadthe dubious distinction oflosing 12 games in a row.
[例] He is the lawyer with the dubious honor of having lost the most cases in the firm.
[例] It is his dubious distinction to have proved what nobodywould think of denying, that Romeo at the age of sixty-four writes with all the characteristicsof maturity.
[解] 注意 honor/distinction/pleasure 為正面，dubious (可疑的，不確定的) 為負面，可以看做 “正負抵消”，其後直接加敘述即可。此片語整體而言是“嘲諷” 的用法，後面接 “實際上不光榮/不傑出/不愉快的事物”。在 PPII 考出此題，看不懂 dubious distinction 的同學選不出答案 (應在 maturity, inventiveness 中二選一) 。值得注意的是新 GRE 對 “片語” (之前也考過 shrug off) 的關注。
indubitable
indubitable [ɪnˈdjubɪtəbəl]
(a) 無庸置疑的 (確切的)
(MW1) certainly true: notable to be doubted
(MW2) too evident to be doubted:UNQUESTIONABLE
[源] in- (not) +dubit- (doubt) + -able (形尾) ，無法懷疑的 (明顯到不需要懷疑) 。
[例] the indubitable fact that there are no morewoolly mammoths or saber-toothedtigers around
relinquish
relinquish [rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ]
(v) 放棄
(MW) to give over possessionor control of: YIELD <few leaderswillingly relinquish power >
[源] re- (back) + linqu- (leave) + -ish(動尾) ，留下不要了即 “放棄”。
[例] Once you get usedto fringebenefits like expense-accountmeals and a company car,it’s very hard torelinquish them.
[解] 通常指 “放棄” 權力、地位，另一個 “放棄” (與王位並用) 的字是 abdicate(one’s throne) 。
jar
jar [dʒɑr]
(v) 發出吵雜聲
(MW) to makea harsh or discordant sound
[源] 從吵雜聲擬聲而來，引申為“造成不舒服的影響”
[衍] jarrin [ˈdʒɑrɪŋ] (a) “吵雜的”。
[例] The loudmusic jarred on my ears.
[解] 名詞 jar 是寬口的罐子 (如下圖) 。當動詞指“發出不和諧的吵雜聲”，也可引申為 “意見不 合”，想像意見不合吵架時會摔東西發出吵雜的聲音 (把 jar 給摔了就發出 jar 的聲音) 。 另一個發出難聽聲音的 GRE 單字是：grate [gret] (v) to cause to make a rasping sound。 “聲音優美的” 是 dulcet [ˈdʌlsɪt] , euphonious [juˈfonɪəs] (反義字為 cacophonous [kæˈkɑfənəs] ) ， 注意 euphonious 有 i，而 cacophonous 無 i。
galvanize
galvanize [ˈgælvəˌnaɪz]
(v) 對…產生劇烈影響
(MW1) to cause (people) to become so excited or concerned about an issue,idea, etc., that they want to do somethingabout it
(MW2) to stimulate or excite as ifby an electric shock <an issuethat would galvanize public opinion >
[源] 從義大利科學家 Galvani 的青蛙實驗來，他將電流通過蛙腿，發現能夠刺激肌肉收縮。此字 指 “用電流通過以刺激”，引申為對某事物像通過電流般的 “劇烈影響”。
[衍] galvanization [ˌgælvənɪˈzeʃən] (n) “產生巨大影響”。
[例] The groupis hoping to galvanize public opinion againstthe proposed law.
ambivalence
ambivalence [æmˈbɪvələns]
(n) 同時存在的矛盾情感 (如又愛又恨)
(MW) simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings (as attraction and repulsion) toward an object,person, or action
[衍] ambivalent [æmˈbɪvələnt] (a) “情感矛盾的”。
gratify
gratify [ˈgrætəˌfaɪ]
(v) 使滿足
(MW) to be asource of or give pleasure orsatisfaction to <it gratified him to have his wifewear jewels >
[源] gra- (please) + -fy (make) ，“使高興”。
[例] Lori’s parents were gratified by her successful performance on the GRE.
[記] 用 satisfy 來記 gratify。
abeyance
abeyance [əˈbeəns]
(n) 暫停
(MW) temporary inactivity: SUSPENSION
[源] 原為法律用語，指 “物品的所有權歸屬未定”，後引申為 “暫時擱置”。
[例] The deal was held in abeyanceuntil his arrival.
[解] 固定用法是 in abeyance，表示 “暫時擱置”的意思，動詞常用 hold。注意另一個 “擱置”(英 式用法) 的動詞是 table(v) to remove (as a parliamentary motion) from consideration indefinitely。 motion “提議”，指議會對某議案擱置不討論，如 The investigation was tabledfor reasonsunknown.
agenda
agenda [əˈdʒɛndə]
(n) 內心企圖
(MW) an underlying often ideological plan or program < a political agenda >
[源] ag- (= act, do) ，“做”，開會討論將來要 “做” 的事，內心想 “做” 的事。
[例] He wantsto push his own agenda no matter what the others say.
[例] She had no hidden agenda. (= She didn’t havea secret plan.)
[解] 這裡不是原意 “議程”，而指通常隱藏不說的 “企圖”，hidden agenda (別有企圖) 。
precarious
precarious [prɪˈkɛrɪəs]
(a) 危險的 (= dangerous)
(MW1) not safe,strong, or steady
(MW2) characterized by a lack of security or stability that threatens with danger
[源] prec- 從 pray 來，原意指 obtained by askingor praying，引申為dependent on the will of another，因為不自主所以有 “不確定的”、“危險的” 意涵。
[例] The strong wind almost knockedhim offof his precarious perch (座位) on the edgeof the cliff.
ramification
ramification [ˌræməfəˈkeʃən]
(n) (某事) 帶來的後果 (=consequence)
(MW1) somethingthat is the result of anaction, decision, etc.
(MW2) CONSEQUENCE, OUTGROWTH <the ramifications of the decision >
[解] 此字多用複數。
implode
implode [ɪmˈplod]
(v) 迅速崩解
(MW) to break downor fall apart from within: SELF-DESTRUCT <the firm imploded from greedand factionalism >
[源] 原意是 “向內塌陷”，引申為國家或組織的 “迅速崩解”，如前蘇聯。
[衍] implosion [ɪmˈploʒən] (n) “迅速崩解”。
[例] Hewarns that the nation’s economy is about to implodeunder the weight of its debt.
[形] explode [ɪkˈsplod] (v) “爆炸”。
salubrious
salubrious [səˈlubrɪəs]
(a) 有益健康的 (= healthful)
(MW) favorable toor promoting health orwell-being: HEALTHFUL <salubrious habits >
[源] salu- (health) + -br- + -i- (膠水) + -ous (形尾) ，“有益健康的”。
[例] Many peoplewith hay fever move to more salubrious sections of thecountry during the monthsofAugust and September.
[解] 注意 healthful (有益健康的) 是 “因”，如healthful living habits (有益健康的生活習慣) ，才能得到 healthy (健康的) 的 “果”，如 healthy body (健康的身體) 。
dolorous
dolorous [ˈdolərəs]
(a) 悲傷的
(MW) causing, markedby,or expressing misery or grief
[衍] dolo [ˈdolɚ] (n) “悲傷”。
[記] 人生的色彩 (color) 被 d 掉了變 dolor，所以很 “悲傷”。
solicitude
solicitude [səˈlɪsəˌtjud]
(n) 既關心又憂慮
(MW) the stateof being concernedand anxious
[源] solicit 字源最早是 to disturb, trouble，後演變為 “既關心又焦慮”。
[衍] solicitous [səˈlɪsɪtəs] (a) “關心又憂慮的”。
[例] The employer wasverysolicitous about the healthof her employees as replacements were difficult toget.
[解] 特別注意和 solitude“孤獨” 不要搞混 (記法：solitude 沒有ci (see) ，因為看不到你，所以我很 孤獨) 。形容詞solicitous 很常見，通常指 “父母對子女那種既關心又焦慮的關懷”。
pugnacious
pugnacious [pʌɡˈneʃəs]
(a) 好鬥的
(MW) having a quarrelsome or combativenature: TRUCULENT, BELLIGERENT
[源] pug- (fist) + -na- + -ci- + -ous(形尾) ，拳頭表示 “攻擊”、“打鬥”。
[衍] pugnacity [pʌgˈnæsətɪ] (n) “好鬥”。
[例] “Put upyour dukes!” he cried, making a fist to show hispugnacity.
[解] 諧音 “胖哥奶昔” 在打架，字根 pug- (fist) 還有 pugilist “拳擊手” (boxer) ，pugilism “拳擊” (boxing) ，同義字：truculent, belligerent 亦是重要的GRE單字，都是 “好鬥的” (fighting, combative) 。belligerent 另有 “交戰的” <belligerent nations >，或當名詞做 “交戰國” 的意思 <belligerents in World WarII >。字根 belli- (fight) 還有 bellicose(a) favoring or inclined to start quarrels or wars: BELLIGERENT。 補充：putup your dukes (phr) put upyour fists and prepareto fight。
dismantle
dismantle [dɪsˈmæntəl]
(v) 分解、拆解
(MW) to taketo pieces; also: to destroythe integrity (完整性) or functioning of
[源] dis- (away) + mantle (cloak) ，脫下斗篷所以 “拆除”，原指軍事上的拆除堡壘，後泛指 “破壞某 物的完整性”、“拆卸”。
[衍] dismantlement [dɪsˈmæntəlmənt] (n) “拆解”。
[例] When the show closed,they dismantled the scenery beforestoring it.
embellish
embellish [ɪmˈbɛlɪʃ]
(v) 美化 (= beautify)
(MW1) to decorate (something) by adding special detailsand features: to make (something) more appealingor attractive
(MW2) to makebeautiful with ornamentation: DECORATE <a book embellished with illustrations >
[源] em- (en: make) + bel- (beautiful) ，“使美麗”，相當於 beautify (美化) 。
[衍] embellishment [ɪmˈbɛlɪʃmənt] (n) “美化”。
[例] He embellished his speech with a fewquotations.
[解] 除了字面上的 “美化”、“裝扮” 之外，在寫作上 embellish 翻作 “修辭”。
construe
construe [kənˈstru]
(v) 視為
(MW) to understand or explain the senseor intentionof usually in a particularwayor with respect to a givenset of circumstances <construed my actionsas hostile >
[源] 和 construct 同源，con- (together) + struct (pile up) ，把材料堆在一起是 “建築”，把文字堆在一起來是 “理解”。
[反] misconstrue [ˈmɪskənˈstru] (v) “誤認為是”。固定用法是 construe/misconstrue A as B。 misconstrue Aas B = mistake A for B。
[例] If I construeyour remarks correctly, you disagree with the theoryalready advanced.
euphemism
euphemism [ˈjufəˌmɪzəm]
(n) 委婉語
(MW) the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggestsomething unpleasant; also: the expressionso substituteda mild or pleasant word or phrase that is used instead of onethat is unpleasant or offensive
[衍] euphemistic [ˌjufəˈmɪstɪk] (a) “委婉地”。
[源] eu- (good) + phe- (speak) + -m- + -ism (名尾) ，委婉語是 “說好話”。
[例] Using “eliminate” instead of “kill” is oneexample of euphemism.
[解] 其他 euphemism 的例子如 die (pass away, kick the bucket) ,prison (correctional facility) 等。
grudging
grudging [ˈgrʌdʒɪŋ]
(a) 不情願的(勉強的)
(MW1) said, done, or given in an unwilling or doubtfulway
(MW2) done, given,or allowed unwillingly, reluctantly, or sparingly <grudging compliance(服從) >
[例] Her theories have begunto win grudging acceptance in the scientific community.
tenacious
tenacious [təˈneʃəs]
(a) 堅持不懈的
(MW1) very determined to do something
(MW2) persistent in maintaining,adhering to, or seekingsomething valuedor desired <a tenacious advocate of civil rights > <tenacious negotiators >
[源] tena- (hold) + -ci- + -ous(形尾) ，抓緊所以 “堅持”。
[衍] tenacity [təˈnæsətɪ] (n) “堅持不懈”。
[例] A tenacious trainer, she adheresto her grueling (非常勞累的) swimming schedule no matter what.
impasse
impasse [ˈɪmpæs]
(n) 僵局
(MW) a predicament affording no obviousescape
[源] im- (=in-, not) + pass (pass) ，無法通過即 “死巷”、“僵局”。
[例] In this impasse, all turned to prayer as their last hope.
imbroglio
imbroglio [ɪmˈbroljo]
(n) 混亂
(MW1) a complex dispute or argument
(MW2) a violently confusedor bitterly complicated altercation: EMBROILMENT
[源] 來自義大利文 im- (in) + broglio (confuse) ，在混亂之中。
[衍] embroil [ɪmˈbrɔɪl] (v) “使混亂”。
[例] The humorof Shakespearean comedies often dependson cases of mistaken identity that involvethe
perplexed protagonists (主角) in one comicimbroglio after another.
[解] imbroglio 的同義字是embroil 可語音轉換 (im = em) 。
anoint
anoint [əˈnɔɪnt]
(v) 拔擢
(MW) to choose byor as if by divineelection; also: to designate as if by a ritual anointment <critics anointed the author asthe bright new talent >
[源] 字源是smear on，即 “塗油” 的意思，帶有宗教意涵，塗油以表示神聖。
[衍] anointment [əˈnɔɪntmənt] (n) “拔擢”。
[例] The prophet Samuel anointed David withoil, crowning him king ofIsrael.
[例] The magazineanointed her the most popular actressof theyear.
[例] He anointed (= named,designated) her his successor (繼承者) .
[解] 常用於 “評論者做評論” 或 “上位者對屬下的欽點” 的上下文中。
impute
impute [ɪmˈpjut]
(v) 歸因於
(MW) tocredit to a person ora cause: ATTRIBUTE <our vicesas well as ourvirtues have been imputed to bodily derangement >
[源] im- (= in-) + put- (settle) + -e (動尾) ，把原因給決定 (settle) 下來。
[衍] imputable [ɪmˈpjutəbəl] (a) “可歸因的”。
[衍] imputation [ˌɪmpjʊˈteʃən] (n) “歸因”。
[例] If I wishedto impute blame to theofficers in charge ofthis program, I wouldstate my feelingsdefinitely and immediately.
jettison
jettison [ˈdʒɛtəsn]
(v) 拋棄
(MW) to get rid of as superfluous or encumbering: omit or forgo as part of aplan or as the result of some other decision <must be prepared to jettison many romantic notions >
[源] jet- (toss) ，船遇到危急情況 (distress) 時，將貨物拋出 (toss) 以減輕重量。
[例] In order toenable the ship toride safely throughthe storm, the captain had to jettison much ofhiscargo(貨物) .
[解] 用法相當於 get rid of，特別是丟掉 “多餘的” (superfluous) 、“妨礙的” (encumbering) 部分。
soporific
soporific [ˌsɑpəˈrɪfɪk]
(a) 令人想睡的 (無聊的)
(MW1) causing a person to become tired and ready to fall asleep
(MW2) tending to dull (使無聊) awareness or alertness
[源] sopor- (sleep) + -fic(carry) ，帶來 “睡眠”效果的。
[例] thismedication is soporific, so do not drive after taking it
[解] 藥物可以是 soporific，沉悶無聊的課堂也可以是 soporific (= tedious,boring) 。
aesthetic
aesthetic [ɛsˈθɛtɪk]
(a) 美學的
(MW) of, relating to, or dealing withaesthetics (美學) or the beautiful <aesthetic theories >
[衍] aesthetics [ɛsˈθɛtɪks] (n) “美學”。
[例] The aesthetic quality of the painting wasmore appealing than itshistorical significance.
proliferate
proliferate [prəˈlɪfəˌret]
(v) (數量) 迅速增加
(MW) to increasein number as if by proliferating (增生) : MULTIPLY
[衍] proliferation [prəˌlɪfəˈreʃən] (n) “(數量) 迅速增加”。
[源] 原義是指生物繁殖、增生，引申為 “數量迅速增加”。
[例] Computers, likeany other technology, proliferate rapidly as productioncosts decrease and materialsavailability increases.
[解] “核武擴散” 叫 nuclear proliferation。
hector
hector [ˈhɛktɚ]
(v) 霸凌、欺負
(MW) to intimidateor harass by bluster (嚇唬) or personalpressure[典] e[典] [典] Hector 原是特洛伊英雄 (Trojan hero) ，史詩伊里亞德 (Iliad) 中 Priam 和 Hecuba 的長子，此 字在十六世紀中被冠上負面色彩用來形容倫敦的街頭流氓，現為一負面字。
[例] The judge ordered the attorneyto stop hectoring the witness.
[形] hectic [ˈhɛktɪk] (a) verybusy and filled with activity “忙碌的”。
cow
cow [kaʊ]
(v) 威脅
(MW) to destroythe resolve (決心) or courageof <the party that Stalinhad cowed > also: to bring toa stateor an action by intimidation―used with into <like toomany Asian armies, adept at cowing a populationinto feeding them >
[記] 母牛 (cow) 的膽子很小，常被 “威脅”(cow) ，所以 “膽小鬼” 叫 coward。
exigent
exigent [ˈɛksədʒənt]
(a) 緊急的 (= urgent)
(MW) requiringimmediate aid oraction <exigent circumstances >
[例] Inthe exigent circumstances of the coupd’etat (政變) , thousands of troops weredispatched to the capital city.
fastidious
fastidious [fæsˈtɪdɪəs]
(a) 挑剔的
(MW1) liking few things: hard to please (討好)
(MW2) having high andoften capricious standards: difficult to please <critics … so fastidious that they cantalk only to a small circleof initiates >
[衍] fastidiousness [fæsˈtɪdɪəsnɪs] (n) “挑剔”。
[例] He is fastidious about keeping the houseclean.
captious
captious [ˈkæpʃəs]
(a) 挑剔的
(MW) marked by an often ill-natured (壞脾氣的) inclination to stress faults and raiseobjections (反對) <captious critics >
[例] a captious and cranky(脾氣暴躁的) eater who’s never met a vegetable he didn’t hate
faultfinding
faultfinding [ˈfɔltˌfaɪndɪŋ]
(a) 吹毛求疵的 (挑人毛病的)
(MW) disposed tofind fault: captiously critical
[例] publishers now have to produce textbooksthat pass muster with a slew offaultfinding committees
[衍] faultfinder [ˈfɔltˌfaɪndɚ] (n) a personwho criticizes someone or something oftenin a way thatisnot fair orreasonable “吹毛求疵者”。
[解] 來自片語 find fault with “挑 (某人) 的毛病”。
querulous
querulous [ˈkwɛrələs]
(a) 不停抱怨的
(MW1) complaining in an annoyed way
(MW2) habitually complaining
[源] quer- (complain) ，“抱怨”。
[例] car tripsthat were frequently spoiledby a couple of querulous passengers inthe back
carping
carping [ˈkɑrpɪŋ]
(a) 抱怨的
(MW) marked by orinclined to querulous and often perversecriticism
[衍] carp (v) to find fault orcomplain querulously “抱怨”。
[例] A peevish(易怒的) and carping old woman who isnot a favorite at thenursing home.
[記] 池裡的 “鯉魚” (carp) 抱怨人們餵牠們吃太多魚飼料。
anachronism
anachronism [əˈnækrəˌnɪzəm]
(n) 時間錯置
(MW) an error in chronology (紀年) especially: a chronological misplacing of persons, events,objects, or customs in regard to eachother
[源] ana- (= an-,not) + chron- (time) ，時間不對。
[衍] anachronistic [əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk] (a) “時間錯置的” (=ahistorical) 。
[例] Her yearningto be nothing more than a housewife seemedan anachronism in today’s society.
[解] 此字原意是 “時間上的錯置”，如古代人物使用現代科技 (如蘇軾登入他的 facebook 帳號) ，
但引申意思更常用 “不合時宜的人事物、觀念”：anachronism(n) a personor a thing that is chronologically out of place especially: one from a former age that is incongruous in the present，如例句。填空常考anachronism 和 temporal (“時間的”，與溫度無關) 這兩個字的內在關聯。temporal另外一義是 “世俗的” (secular, earthly, mundane) ，有別於 “宗教的” (religious) 、“教會的”(ecclesiastical) 、“修士的”(clerical) 。
ahistorical
ahistorical [eˌhɪsˈtɔrɪkəl]
(a) 歷史(事實) 錯誤的
(MW) not concerned with or related to history,historical development, or tradition <an ahistoricalattitude >;also: historically inaccurate or ignorant <an ahistorical version of events >
[源] a- (not) +historical，歷史 “錯誤” 的。
chronic
chronic [ˈkrɑnɪk]
(a) 慢性的 (形容疾病)
(MW1) (medical) continuing or occurring againand again for a long time
(MW2) marked bylong duration or frequentrecurrence: not acute <chronic indigestion (消化不良) > <chronic experiments >
[源] chron- (time) ，慢性病需要長 “時間” 照料。
[例] He suffers from chronic arthritis (關節炎) .
[反] acute [əˈkjut] (a) having a sudden onset (開始) , sharp rise, andshort course <acute disease > “急性的”。
[解] 此字從 “慢性病”概念引申為人事物 “長期的毛病”：chronic (a) always presentor encountered; especially: constantly vexing,weakening, or troubling <chronic petty warfare >
vacillate
vacillate [ˈvæs!ˌet]
(v) 猶豫不決 (= hesitate)
(MW) to waver (猶豫) inmind, will, or feeling:hesitate in choiceof opinionsorcourses
[衍] vacillation [ˌvæs!ˈeʃən] (n)
[例] Inan emergency situation there isno timeto vacillate, so first respondersaretaught appropriatecourses of actions for amyriad of crises.
[解] 比較 oscillate 與 vacillate，這兩字都能物理上的 “擺動”，oscillate 特別指 “固定來回的擺動， 振盪”，像數拍子用的 “節拍器” (metronome) 一樣的擺動，而 vacillate 也可以指抽象的(內心的) 擺動 “猶豫不決” (indecisive) ，如例句。類似觀念：swingstates “搖擺州”。
concur
concur [kənˈkɝ]
(v) 同意
(MW) APPROVE <concur in a statement >
[源] con- (加強語氣) + cur- (go) ，大家 “同意”一起往什麼方向走。
[反] demur [dɪˈmɝ] (v) to take exception: OBJECT “反對”
hapless
hapless [ˈhæplɪs]
(a) 不幸的 (= unlucky)
(MW) having no luck: UNFORTUNATE
[源] hap- (luck) + -less (without) ，“沒有幸運”。
[例] She playsthe hapless heroine (女主角) who is unlucky in love.
[記] 用 happy + less來記，“不幸的”人 “不會快樂”。
mishap
mishap [ˈmɪsˌhæp]
(n) 不幸
(MW1) an unlucky accident or mistake
(MW2) bad luck: MISFORTUNE
[源] mis- (bad) + hap- (luck) ，不幸是 “壞運氣”。
[例] The firewas a tragic mishapthat could have been prevented.
contentious
contentious [kənˈtɛnʃəs]
(a) 爭議的 (指議題)
(MW) likely to cause disagreement orargument <a contentious issue >
[例] After a contentious debate, membersof the committee finallyvoted to approve the funding.contentious [kənˈtɛnʃəs] (a) 好鬥的 (形容人)
(MW1) likely or willing to argue
(MW2) exhibiting an often perverseand wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes <aman of a most contentious nature >
[例] The dispute involves oneof the region’s most contentious leaders
[衍] contend [kənˈtɛnd] (v) “宣稱”、“競爭”。
[衍] contention [kənˈtɛnʃən] (n) “爭論”、“爭議”。
[記] 各自有自己的 “宣稱” 就會起 “爭議”，相互競爭就會 “鬥來鬥去”。
capsize
capsize [kæpˈsaɪz]
(v) (船) 翻覆
(MW1) (of aboat) to turn over: to turn sothat the bottom ison top
(MW2) to become upset or overturned: TURN OVER <thecanoe capsized >
[例] They werefooling around and accidentallycapsized the canoe.
[記] “頭” (cap-, head) 的 “尺寸” (size) 太大，所以翻覆。
lopsided
lopsided [lɑpˈsaɪdɪd]
(a) 不平均的
(MW1) having one side that is lower or smallerthan the other
(MW2) lacking in balance,symmetry, or proportion: disproportionately heavy on one side <a lopsided(壓倒性的) vote of 99-1 >
[例] They wonthe game by a lopsided score of 25-3.
[解] 原意是 “兩邊重量不平均”，常指 “壓倒性的(票數) ”，與 landsliding 同義。
[記] 諧音：重量都 lop (落) 到同一邊 (side) 去了。
belated
belated [bɪˈletɪd]
(a) 時間太遲的 (= late)
(MW1) happening or coming very late ortoo late
(MW2) delayed beyond the usual time
[源] be- (make) + late，使之 “遲”。
[衍] belatedness [bɪ`letɪdnɪs] (n) “時間太遲”。
[例] She received belated recognition for her scientific discovery.
abstemious
abstemious [æbˈstimɪəs]
(a) (飲食) 節制的
(MW1) not eating and drinking too much
(MW2) marked byrestraintespecially in the consumptionof food oralcohol; also: reflecting such restraint
<an abstemiousdiet >
[衍] abstemiousness [æbˈstimɪəsnɪs] (n) “(飲食) 節制”。
[例] She isknown as an abstemious eater and drinker.
[解] 此字專指 “飲食上” 的節制。
temperance
temperance [ˈtɛmprəns]
(n) (飲酒) 節制
(MW1) the practiceof drinkinglittleor no alcohol
(MW2) moderation in or abstinence (節制) from the useof alcoholic beverages
[衍] temperate [ˈtɛmprɪt] (a) “節制的”。
[例] The minister (牧師) preachedabout temperance.
[解] 字面上指 “飲酒” 節制，可擴大為 “情緒、行為上” 節制：temperance (n) the practice of always controlling your actions,thoughts, orfeelings so that you do not eat or drink too much,become too angry, etc.
pulchritude
pulchritude [ˈpʌlkrɪˌtjud]
(n) 美麗
(MW) physical comeliness (美麗)
[源] pulchr- (beautiful) + -i- (膠水) + -tude (名尾) ，“美麗”。
[衍] pulchritudinous [ˌpʌlkrəˈtjudənəs] (a) “美麗的”。
peregrinate
peregrinate [ˈpɛrəgrɪˌnet]
(v) 徒步旅行(= walk)
(MW) to travel especially on foot: WALK
[源] per- (through) + egri- (= agri-,field) + -ate (動尾) ，穿越田野去 “旅行”。
[衍] peregrination [ˌpɛrəgrɪˈneʃən] (n) “徒步旅行” (= journey) 。
[例] A coupleof backpacking collegestudents who decided to spend thesummer peregrinating aroundIreland.
futile
futile [ˈfjutəl]
(a) 無用的
(MW1) having no result or effect: pointlessor useless
(MW2) serving no useful purpose: completely ineffective <efforts to convince him were futile >
[衍] futility [fjuˈtɪlɪtɪ] (n) “無用”。
[例] All ourefforts proved futile.
bootless
bootless [ˈbutlɪs]
(a) 無用的
(MW) USELESS, UNPROFITABLE <a bootless attempt >
[例] a bootless effort to get tickets to the sold-outgame
[記] 連 “靴子”(boot) 都 “沒有” (-less) 的人是“無用的”。
perfidy
perfidy [ˈpɝfədɪ]
(n) 背叛
(MW1) the act of betrayingsomeone or something: the stateofnotbeing loyal
(MW2) the quality or state of beingfaithless or disloyal: TREACHERY
[源] per- (through) + fid- (faith) ，“透過信任” 而背叛。
[衍] perfidious [pɚˈfɪdɪəs] (a) “背叛的”。
[例] Hedecided to forgive his wife’s perfidy, choosing to ascribe (歸因於) it to a moment of uncharacteristic (不尋常的) weakness.
treacherous
treacherous [ˈtrɛtʃərəs]
(a) 背叛的 (無法信任的)
(MW1) not able tobe trusted: showing that someone cannot betrusted
(MW2) characterized by or manifesting treachery: PERFIDIOUS
[例] a treacherous act of betrayaltreacherous [ˈtrɛtʃərəs] (a) 危險的
(MW1) very dangerous and difficultto deal with
(MW2) marked byhidden dangers, hazards, or perils
[例] The snow madetheir hike all the more treacherous.
[衍] treachery [ˈtrɛtʃərɪ] (n) “背叛”、“危險”。
decided
decided [dɪˈsaɪdɪd]
(a) 清楚明確的
(MW1) clear and definite: easy to notice
(MW2) free from doubt or wavering (猶豫) <has decided ideas onpolitics >
[衍] decidedness [dɪˈsaɪdɪdnɪs] (n) “清楚明確”。
[例] a decided hint of perfume on her skin
[記] “已下決定” (decided) 的事是 “清楚明確的” (decided) 。
retribution
retribution [ˌrɛtrɪˈbjuʃən]
(n) 懲罰
(MW1) punishment for doing something wrong
(MW2) somethinggiven or exacted in recompense (回報) ; especially: PUNISHMENT
[源] re- (again) + trib- (pay) ，“懲罰”是一種 “回報”。
[例] The killer actedwithout fear of retribution.
