year 3 passssmeddd Flashcards
how do you give prophylaxis for tumour lysis syndrome
IV allopurinol or Iv rasburicase
what is found in cryoprecipitate
factor VIII, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor and factor XIII
what type of anaemia does methotrexate therapy cause
can cause folate deficiency so therefore can cause
-megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia
which Hodgkin’s lymphoma carries the best prognosis
lymphocyte predominant
philadelphia chromosome, t(9:22)
CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA
which anticoagulant for DVT
DOAC!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-apixaban or rivaroxaban
isolated rise in gamma GT in the context of macrocytic anaemia suggests that what is the cause?
alcohol excess
which is the most common type of haemophilia
A!!!!! !!! !
factor 8 deficiency
cancer patients with a VTE, what treatment
DOAC for 6 months
DVT investigation: if the scan is negative, but the D-dimer is positive?
stop anticoagulation and repeat scan in 1 week
where are vestibular schwannomas usually found
the cerebellopontine angle
at what level of the spinal cord does autonomic dysreflexia occur
above T6
can you give someone with poorly controlled epilepsy sertraline
no
second line treatment for OCD if SSRI contraindicated
clomipramine
how does controlled hyperventilation work to reduce ICP
reduces CO2 > vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries > reduced ICP
is the forehead spared in bell’s palsy
NOOOOO
-cannot raise eyebrows
-LMN lesion
triple test results for downs syndrome
increased HCG
decreased PAPP-A
thickened nuchal translucency
investigation for suspected miscarriage
TVUSS
when can medical management be used for an ectopic
1) An unruptured embryo
2) <35mm in size
3) Have no heartbeat
4) Be asymptomatic
5) Have a B-hCG level of <1,000IU/L and declining
can an SSRI be taken with warfarin
no
-increases risk of bleeding especially in elderly people
what is richter transformation
when CLL transforms into aggressive high grade B cell lymphoma
what does parovirus B19 infection cause
slapped cheek (aka erythema infectiosum)
-this can cause aplastic crisis in sickle cell
A swab reveals the presence of ballooned multinucleated giant cells and eosinophilic inclusion bodies.
herpes simplex 2
when should warfarin be stopped and vitamin K administered
when the INR is over 8
what medication for chemo induced nausea
odanestron
which neurofibromatosis causes peripheral neurofibromas and axillary/groin freckles
1
what nerve injury are mid humeral shaft fractures associated with
radial nerve
what should you think when there is a mixture of LMN and UMN signs
MND
what is the most common cause of brain mets
LUNG CANCER
what is subdural haemorrhage caused by
damage to bridging veins between cortex and venous sinuses
which contraception has the highest success rate
progesterone only implant
if you miss one POP how long do you need to use barrier methods for
48 hours
lynch syndrome increases ur risk of which repro cancer the most
endometrial the most
-then ovarian
how do you assess fetal growth in obese women
USS
if a woman who is pregnant has a BMI of 50 what do they need further encouragement to do
breastfeed
-obese women are less likely to breast feed
which part of the MMR can cause obstructive infertility and reduce spermatogenesis
mumps
when can pregnant women get a cervical smear
not until they are 3 months post partum
how does a pituitary tumour decrease fertility in males
-decrease LH, FSH
-decreased testosterone
how do hypothalamus disorders decrease fertility in males
-decrease LH, FSH
-decreased testosterone
how does hyperthyroidism decrease fertility in males
decreased sexual function
how does hypothyroidism decrease fertility in males
increased prolactin
how does diabetes decrease fertility in males
decreased testosterone
decreased sexual function
investigation for primary ovarian insufficiency (premature ovarian failure)
FSH levels x2
what is gravida
the number of times a woman has been pregnant regardless of the gestation at delivery and includes current pregnancy
what does parity mean
the number of potentially viable babies a woman has delivered; this includes all live births and still births delivered after 24 weeks. So, this is written as P2 and is followed by “+” which represents all the pregnancies up to 24 weeks that did not result in live births
(delivered 2 babies)
which HRT increases risk of VTE
oral oestrogen only
which HRT for someone with high risk of DVT
transdermal oestrogen patch
-also need to insert mirena IUS for the progesterone part
which gynaecological malignancy is associated with gelatinous tumour in the peritoneal cavity
ovarian
coffee bean nuclei and exner bodies
sex cord ovarian tumour
where can the fundus be felt at 12 weeks
symphysis pubis
active labour over how many hours puts u at risk of PPH
12
which movement before expulsion
external rotation
What antibodies are formed by the mother when first exposed to a red cell antigen?
IgM
first line investigation for urinary incontinence
urine dipstick
what is the nerve supply to the urethral smooth muscle
Sympathetic nerves derived from the spinal cord at T10 to L2, but descending to the bladder and urethra via the hypogastric nerves
can pyroxidine be used for hyperemesis gravidarum
no
name 4 things that causes a raise in CA125 levels
-endometriosis
-ovarian cancer
-pregnancy
-pancreatitis
