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passsmedddd Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of gastroparesis in type 1 diabetics

A
  • erratic blood glucose control
  • bloating
  • vomiting
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2
Q

treatment for gastroparesis in type 1 diabetics

A
  • metoclopramide
  • domeperidone
  • eythromycin
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3
Q

which beta blocker is used in grave’s

A

propanolol

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4
Q

what insulin should be given in DKA

A

IV 0.1

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5
Q

electrolyte abnormality for cushings

A

hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

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6
Q

what is c-peptide level in type 1 diabetes

A

low or undetectable

-due to absolute insulin deficiency

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7
Q

what happens to electrolytes in DKA

A

loss of electrolytes

-especially sodium and potassium

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8
Q

name a drug that can cause GALACTORRHEA

A

chlorpromazine

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9
Q

what is the most important blood test to monitor response to levothyroxine treatment

A

TSH

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10
Q

what other illnesses can give false low HbA1c readings

A

sickle cell anaemia

-decreases the lifespan of RBCs

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11
Q

causes of raised anion gap

A
  • sepsis
  • tissue ischaemia
  • renal failure
  • DKA
  • drugs/toxins
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12
Q

causes of low anion gap in metabolic acidosis

A
  • renal tubular acidosis
  • diarrhoea
  • addisons
  • pancreatic fistula
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13
Q

if there is protein in the urine, does this mean the cause of AKI is pre-renal, renal or post-renal

A

renal

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14
Q

which drug is prescribed to reduce phosphate levels in patients with CKD mineral bone disease

A

sevelamer

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15
Q

most common causative organism for peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis

A

staph epidermis

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16
Q

what can juxtaglomerular cells secrete

A

renin

-specifically the granular cells secrete it

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17
Q

what medication should be avoided when taking methotrexate

A

trimethroprim

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18
Q

in supraspinatus tendonitis where is the painful arc

A

60-120 degrees

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19
Q

diagnosis?

A

supraspinatus tendonitis, shoulder impingement, painful arc

-calcification of the tendon (the bony part)

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20
Q

what is the lifelong treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome

A

lifelong warfarin

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21
Q

acute treatment of a thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome

A

LMWH

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22
Q

what is blue sclera in children associated with

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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23
Q

management for undisplaced patella fractures

A

knee immobilisation

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24
Q

risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • RA (synovitis means less space)
  • acromegaly
  • conditions involving fluid retention
  • fractures
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25
Q

what needs to be done in every new diagnosis of dermatomyositis?

A

malignancy scan

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26
Q

if there is pain on both passive and active external rotation of the shoulder what does this indicate

A

adhesive capsulitis

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27
Q

which antibiotic can cause tendonitis and tendon rupture

A

ciprofloxacin

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28
Q

first line treatment for carpal tunnel

A

wrist splinting

then corticosteroid injection

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29
Q

investigation of choice for achilles tendon rupture

A

USS

30
Q

does chondrocalcinosis indicate gout or pseudogout

A

pseudogout

31
Q

what are the A’s associated with ankylosing spondylitis

A 
Apical fibrosis
Anterior uveitis
Aortic regurgitation
Achilles tendonitis
AV node block
Amyloidosis
32
Q

what is the next step in management for ankylosing spondylitis after NSAIDs

A

TNF-alpha blockers

-etanercept

33
Q

what digits affected in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

lateral three and a half digits

  • thumb to middle finger
  • wasting of the thenar muscles
34
Q

if the arthritis is asymmetrical what does that mean it’s most likely to be

A

psoriatic arthritis

35
Q

most common causes of drug induced lupus

A
  • procainamide

- hydralazine

36
Q

where abouts in the ulnar nerve would damage cause more deformity

A

at the elbow

37
Q

what type of fracture is this

A

buckle fracture

38
Q

skin manifestation of bechets

A

erythema nodosum

39
Q

investigation of choice for osteomyelitis

A

MRI

40
Q

what is this

A

lichen planus

41
Q

what are keloid scars

A

tumour like lesions that arise from the connective tissue of a scar and extend beyond the dimensions of the original wound

42
Q

where is venous ulceration most commonly seen

A

above the medial malleolus

43
Q

what is this

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

44
Q

what antibodies for dermatitis herpetiformis

A

anti-tissue transglutaminase

45
Q

what drugs cause toxic epidermal necrolysis

A 
phenytoin
sulphonamides
allopurinol
penicillins
carbamazepine
NSAIDs
46
Q

presentation of toxic epidermal necrolysis

A
  • blistering/epidermal detachment
  • mucosal ulceration
  • fever and shit
  • really unwell
47
Q

treatment for pyoderma gangrenosum

A

oral prednisolone

48
Q

treatment for bullous pemphigoid

A

oral corticosteroids

49
Q

what test for allergic contact dermatitis

A

skin PATCH test

50
Q

management for actinic keratoses

A

flouroracil cream

51
Q

treatment for fungal nail infection

A

oral terbinafine

52
Q

what is endophthalmitis

A

a purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids (vitreous and aqueous) usually due to infection
-complication of cataract surgery

53
Q

treatment for lichen planus

A

topical steroids and antihistamines

54
Q

how can pyogenic granulomas be differentiated from melanomas

A

they occur after injury

55
Q

what is the aim of treatment in glaucoma

A
  • reduce aqueous secretion
  • induce pupillary constriction

(secretion=production)

56
Q

causes of erythema nodosum

A 
NO - idiopathic
D - drugs
O - oral contaceptives/preggers
S - sarcoidosis/TB
U - ulcerative colitis/Crohns/Behcets 
M - microbiology
57
Q

when can a child with impetigo go back to daycare/school

A

2 days after starting treatment

58
Q

management for an adult with unilateral middle ear effusion

A

refer under 2 week wait to ENT for suspected nasopharyngeal cancer

59
Q

first line treatment of scabies

A

permethrim

60
Q

first line treatment for plaque psoriasis

A

topical betamethasone (steroid) and topical calcipotriol

61
Q

what virus most commonly causes eczema herpeticum

A

HSV1

62
Q

most common malignancy associated with acanthosis nigricans

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

63
Q

management of a perforated ear drum

A

no treatment and review in 2 weeks and then 6 weeks

64
Q

complications of psoriatic arthritis

A

cardiovascular disease

65
Q

who do you refer children with squints to

A

opthalmology

66
Q

if someone has a painful rash what does this suggest

A

shingles

67
Q

sunburst pattern on a knee radiograph

A

osteosarcoma

Sarcoma = Sun

68
Q

what would be seen on an USS of diabetic nephropathy

A

bilateral enlarged kidneys

69
Q

what should be monitored in henoch-shonlein purpura

A

blood pressure and urinalysis

70
Q

what is the mode of inheritance of marfans

A

autosomal dominant

71
Q

how do you distinguish between the different types of diabetes

A
  • c-peptide

- diabetes specific auto-antibodies

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