resp buzz words

Question 1

stony dull to percuss

Answer 1

pleural effusion

Question 2

right sided pleuritic chest pain

Answer 2

most likely pneumonia

Question 3

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

Answer 3

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 4

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

Answer 4

TB

Question 5

caseous necrosis

Answer 5

TB

Question 6

apical disease

Answer 6

Most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesion is called an Assmann focus!

Question 7

Miliary Tuberculous

Answer 7

pread of organism into bloodstream. If organism spread via
pulmonary artery, miliary dissemination into the lung occurs. If organism spread via
pulmonary vein, there is systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen, and kidneys.

Question 8

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Answer 8

good pasture’s syndrome

Question 9

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

Answer 9

caused by chlamydophila psittaci

Question 10

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad

Answer 10

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for
antigens)

Question 11

“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana” - or a Mr. Snoop Dogg

Answer 11

probably pneumothorax

Question 12

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue and weight
loss

Answer 12

sarcoidosis

Question 13

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

Answer 13

bronchiectasis

Question 14

D sign on X-ray

Answer 14

empyema

Question 15

steeple sign on x ray

Answer 15

larygotracheobronchitis/croup

Question 16

child with barking cough

Answer 16

croup

Question 17

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Answer 17

HIV

Question 18

Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity

Answer 18

samter’s triad

Question 19

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

Answer 19

Klebsiella pneumoniae (red jelly haemoptysis)

Question 20

rusty sputum

Answer 20

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 21

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

Answer 21

classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

Question 22

morning headache

Answer 22

hypercapnia

Question 23

ACTH secreting lung tumour

Answer 23

SCLC

Question 24

PTH secreting lung tumour

Answer 24

SCC of lung

Question 25

small cell carcinoma

Answer 25

neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

Question 26

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

Answer 26

sarcoid

Question 27

eggshell calcification

Answer 27

silicosis

Question 28

heart failure cells seen in alveolar spaces

Answer 28

Macrophages that have absorbed
haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severe) left-ventricular heart failure. Also, seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension

Question 29

Ghon focus

Answer 29

An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura - found in tuberculosis infection

Question 30

assmann focus

Answer 30

Apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection

Question 31

coin lesion found on chest radiographs

Answer 31

a rounded solitary lesion. The common lesions are: Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, Metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney),
Bronchial hamartoma, Carcinoid tumour, Granulomatous inflammation, Lung abscess

Question 32

horner’s syndrome

Answer 32

Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the
intrathoracic nodes. Signs include: ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), enophthalmos
(sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as
invasion) side of the face. This is due to invasion, of the cervical sympathetic chain

Question 33

acute management of asthma

Answer 33

O SHIT MAN

Question 34

bilateral reticulo-nodular shadowing

Answer 34

extrinsic allergic alveolitis