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exam stuff > year 3 passmed > Flashcards

year 3 passmed Flashcards

1
Q

what type of contraceptions for a women who is breastfeeding her 5 weeks old baby

A

progesterone only pill

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2
Q

how many weeks breastfeeding is an absolute contraindication to any combined contraception

A

<6weeks

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3
Q

which breast lump is described as the discrete mouse as its so mobile

A

fibroadenoma

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4
Q

tender lump around areolar and green nipple discharge

A

duct ectasia

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5
Q

after taking ella one (ulipristal acetate) how long do you have to wait before you can start taking hormonal contraception again

A

5 days

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6
Q

how long does it take for an SSRI to kick in when treating OCD

A

12 weeks

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7
Q

if bishops score is <=6 what should be done

A

vaginal prostaglandins and oral misoprotstol

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8
Q

if bishops score is >6 what should be done

A

amniotomy and IV oxytocin

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9
Q

if a woman isn’t breastfeeding, how long does she need to wait post partum before she can start taking the COCP

A

21 days

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10
Q

treatment for urge urinary incontinence

A

bladder retraining

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11
Q

treatment for stress urinary incontinence

A

pelvic floor muscle training

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12
Q

blood film for coeliac

A

target cells and howell jolly bodies

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13
Q

first line treatment for primary dysmennorhoea

A

NSAIDs such as mefenamic acid

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14
Q

what type of drug is rasagiline

A

MAOI

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15
Q

why do low potassium levels increase risk of digoxin toxicity

A

Because digoxin binds to the K+ site of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump

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16
Q

what is protamine sulphate used for

A

to reverse the effects of heparin

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17
Q

mechanism of action of clopidogrel

A

antagonist against adenosine diphosphate receptor

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18
Q

what is the most useful test for monitoring therapeutic effect of anticoagulation

A

INR

19
Q

at what level of haemoglobin is blood transfusion recommended

A

under 8

20
Q

what investigation for sickle cell

A

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

21
Q

genetic change that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

a base change in the 4th exon that causes a premature stop codon

22
Q

what is the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy

A

charcot marie tooth

23
Q

cerebellar signs, contralateral sensory loss & ipsilateral Horner’s

A

left PICA

24
Q

scan of choice for MS

A

MRI with contrast
-contrast helps see the inflammation and demyelination

25
Q

is sodium valproate a P450 inhibitor or inducer

A

inhibitor

26
Q

if a patient with pre-eclampsia has brisk tendon reflexes what does this mean

A

a seizure could happen soon

27
Q

does guillan barre have sensory symptoms

A

sometimes and if so they are very mild

28
Q

snow storm appearance on USS

A

complete hydratidiform mole

29
Q

which muscles are typically spared in MND

A

ocular

30
Q

how do you treat a low pressure headache after a lumbar puncture

A

caffeine and fluid

31
Q

why do people get a headache after lumbar punctures

A

a small amount of CSF is removed so reduces the pressure in the brain causes a headache

32
Q

where is wernicke’s area

A

superior temporal gyrus

33
Q

which antibiotics increase risk of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

doxycyclines

34
Q

what should be done about the patients airway if GCS is less than 8

A

INTUBATE
-cuffed endotracheal tube

35
Q

what is the only treatment option for degenerative cervical myelopathy

A

surgery

36
Q

when can AEDs be stopped

A

if seizure free for over 2 years, stopped over 2-3 months

37
Q

forehead affected in bells palsy?

A

yes
-LMN lesion

38
Q

babinski sign positive

A

ALS usually

39
Q

what are absence seizures usually provoked by

A

hyperventilation

40
Q

if all other treatment fails, and and opioid has to be used for neuropathic pain, which one should be used?

A

tramadol

41
Q

if a tremor is worse when arms stretched out, what is this

A

essential tremor
-treat with propanolol

42
Q

when can someone get a carotid endarterectomy

A

when over 70% of the artery is stenosed

43
Q

how long should a person be on prophylactic medication after a stroke

A

life long

44
Q

how are triptans given in cluster headache

A

subcutaneously

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