year 3 passmed Flashcards
what type of contraceptions for a women who is breastfeeding her 5 weeks old baby
progesterone only pill
how many weeks breastfeeding is an absolute contraindication to any combined contraception
<6weeks
which breast lump is described as the discrete mouse as its so mobile
fibroadenoma
tender lump around areolar and green nipple discharge
duct ectasia
after taking ella one (ulipristal acetate) how long do you have to wait before you can start taking hormonal contraception again
5 days
how long does it take for an SSRI to kick in when treating OCD
12 weeks
if bishops score is <=6 what should be done
vaginal prostaglandins and oral misoprotstol
if bishops score is >6 what should be done
amniotomy and IV oxytocin
if a woman isn’t breastfeeding, how long does she need to wait post partum before she can start taking the COCP
21 days
treatment for urge urinary incontinence
bladder retraining
treatment for stress urinary incontinence
pelvic floor muscle training
blood film for coeliac
target cells and howell jolly bodies
first line treatment for primary dysmennorhoea
NSAIDs such as mefenamic acid
what type of drug is rasagiline
MAOI
why do low potassium levels increase risk of digoxin toxicity
Because digoxin binds to the K+ site of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump
what is protamine sulphate used for
to reverse the effects of heparin
mechanism of action of clopidogrel
antagonist against adenosine diphosphate receptor
what is the most useful test for monitoring therapeutic effect of anticoagulation
INR
at what level of haemoglobin is blood transfusion recommended
under 8
what investigation for sickle cell
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
genetic change that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
a base change in the 4th exon that causes a premature stop codon
what is the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy
charcot marie tooth
cerebellar signs, contralateral sensory loss & ipsilateral Horner’s
left PICA
scan of choice for MS
MRI with contrast
-contrast helps see the inflammation and demyelination
is sodium valproate a P450 inhibitor or inducer
inhibitor
if a patient with pre-eclampsia has brisk tendon reflexes what does this mean
a seizure could happen soon
does guillan barre have sensory symptoms
sometimes and if so they are very mild
snow storm appearance on USS
complete hydratidiform mole
which muscles are typically spared in MND
ocular
how do you treat a low pressure headache after a lumbar puncture
caffeine and fluid
why do people get a headache after lumbar punctures
a small amount of CSF is removed so reduces the pressure in the brain causes a headache
where is wernicke’s area
superior temporal gyrus
which antibiotics increase risk of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
doxycyclines
what should be done about the patients airway if GCS is less than 8
INTUBATE
-cuffed endotracheal tube
what is the only treatment option for degenerative cervical myelopathy
surgery
when can AEDs be stopped
if seizure free for over 2 years, stopped over 2-3 months
forehead affected in bells palsy?
yes
-LMN lesion
babinski sign positive
ALS usually
what are absence seizures usually provoked by
hyperventilation
if all other treatment fails, and and opioid has to be used for neuropathic pain, which one should be used?
tramadol
if a tremor is worse when arms stretched out, what is this
essential tremor
-treat with propanolol
when can someone get a carotid endarterectomy
when over 70% of the artery is stenosed
how long should a person be on prophylactic medication after a stroke
life long
how are triptans given in cluster headache
subcutaneously
