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passmed hwg again Flashcards

1
Q

if a child has a palpable abdominal mass what do you suspect

A
  • neuroblastoma
  • Wilm’s tumour

refer to paediatric consultant immediately

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2
Q

side effect of SGLT2

A

UTIs

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3
Q

in nephrogenic DI, what is the urine osmolality after desmopressin and after fluid deprivation

A

low after both

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4
Q

is fludrocortisone required in addisonian crisis

A

no

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5
Q

what is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

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6
Q

treatment for a thyrotoxic storm

A
  • corticosteroids
  • beta blockers
  • prophyliouracil
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7
Q

what is the whipple’s triad for an insulinoma

A
  • hypoglycaemia with fasting or exercise
  • reversal of symptoms with glucose
  • low blood glucose at time of symptoms
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8
Q

what medication can be used for primary hyperparathyroidism

A

cinacalcet (calcium mimemic)

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9
Q

if someone presents to the emergency department with unrecordable blood glucose, confusion and abdo pain, what is suspected

A

DKA

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10
Q

most common drug to cause gynaecomastia

A

spironolactone

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11
Q

initial management of DKA

A

IV 0.9% NaCl (saline)

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12
Q

what drugs for immunosuppression

A
  • steroids

- cyclophophamide/rituximab

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13
Q

what indicates that kidney disease is chronic and not acute

A

hypocalcaemia

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14
Q

how can hydroceles be differentiated from other testicular lumps

A

they are not separate from the testes and transilluminate

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15
Q

what drugs cause hyaline casts in urine

A

loop diuretics

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16
Q

what is used as pre-treatment before goserelin in prostate cancer

A

flutamide

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17
Q

first line management for chronic urinary retention

A

intermittent self catheterisation

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18
Q

what are the classic symptoms of acute interstitial nephritis

A

allergic type picture

  • raised urinary WCC
  • IgE
  • eosinophils
  • rash
  • wheeze
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19
Q

what is a risk of using 0.9% NaCL in patients requiring large volumes

A

hypercholaraemic metabolic acidosis

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20
Q

which meniscal tear has pain and swelling

A

medial mensicus

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21
Q

what does bone pain and isolated ALP indicate

A

Paget’s disease

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22
Q

what does prescribing folic acid with methotrexate reduce the risk of

A

myelosuppression

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23
Q

what is a late sign of cauda equina syndrome

A

urinary incontinence

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24
Q

when can patients weight bear after hip fracture surgery

A

full weight bearing immediately post op

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25
Q

theres is wasting of what in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

thenar eminence

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26
Q

if theres impaired external rotation on passive and active movement in the shoulder what does this suggest

A

adhesive capsulitis

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27
Q

in what part of the bone does osteomyelitis most commonly occur in children

A

metaphysis

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28
Q

if someone has bone pain, tenderness, proximal myopathy and waddling gait what does this suggest

A

osteomalacia

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29
Q

eye side effect of hydroxychloroquine

A

retinopathy

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30
Q

what rheumatoid disease are chemo patients at increased risk of getting

A

gout

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31
Q

treatment for acute reactive arthritis

A

NSAIDs

32
Q

best way of diagnosing ankylosing spondylitis

A

pelvic x-ray

33
Q

symptoms of dermatomyositis

A
  • proximal muscle weakness
  • macular rash over back/shoulders
  • violet periorbital rash
  • red papules over extensor surfaces of fingers
34
Q

how do you manage acute flares of rheumatoid arthritis

A

intramuscular steroids

35
Q

what are x-ray features of ankylosing spondylitis

A
  • sacroliitis: subchondral erosions, sclerosis
  • squaring of lumbar vertebrae
  • bamboo spine
  • syndesmophytes
36
Q

treatment for an undisplaced fracture of the scaphoid waist

A

cast for 6-8 weeks

37
Q

complication of discitis

A

epidural abscess

38
Q

which antibody for UC

A

pANCA

39
Q

what type of nodes do people with SLE get

A

osler nodes

40
Q

what is squaring of the thumb base indicative of

A

osteoarthritis

40
Q

what is squaring of the thumb base indicative of

A

osteoarthritis

41
Q

management for subluxation of the radial head

A

passive supination of the elbow joint whilst flexed 90 degrees

42
Q

features of an S1 lesion

A
  • Sensory loss of posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot
  • weakness in plantar flexion of foot
  • reduced ankle reflex
  • positive sciatic nerve stretch test
43
Q

what is this

A

eczema

44
Q

what is this

A

psoriasis

45
Q

what is the next step in the management of psoriasis after 8 weeks of topical corticosteroid has been tried with no effect

A

topical vit D analogues

46
Q

which bacteria contributes to the development of acne

A

propionibacterium acnes

47
Q

which autoimmune disorders are associated with vitiligo

A
  • autoimmune thyroid disease
  • pernicious anaemia
  • SLE
  • alopecia areata
  • type 1 diabetes
  • addisons
48
Q

how long is shingles infectious for

A

until vesicles have crusted over (usually 5-7 days after)

49
Q

first line treatment for scalp psoriasis

A

topical corticosteroids

50
Q

treatment for shingles

A

antivirals

51
Q

first line treatment for hyperhidrosis

A

topical aluminium chloride

52
Q

treatment for rosacea

A

mild/moderate - topical metronidazole

severe - oral tetracycline

53
Q

what medication is contraindicated if you get migraines

A

the pill

54
Q

which antibiotic is safe to use in breastfeeding for acne

A

erythromycin

55
Q

at what ABPI is compression bandaging not used

A

<0.8

56
Q

are venous ulcers painful

A

no

57
Q

what is seen histologically in psoriasis

A

acanthosis

-increase in the epidermis depth

58
Q

what is seen here histologically

A

hyperkeratosis

59
Q

what is seen here histologically

A

papillomatosis

-skin surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of continuous dermal papillae

60
Q

what is seen here histologically

A

acanthosis

61
Q

what is seen here histologically

A

spongiosis

62
Q

what does bowen’s disease present as

A

irregular, scaly macule or patch

63
Q

what type of UV causes actinic keratoses

A

UVB

64
Q

what is seen here

A

bullous pemphigoid

65
Q

definitive treatment for proliferative retinopathy

A

panretinal laser photocoagulation

66
Q

who do you refer a child with a squint to

A

opthalmologist

67
Q

what does ptosis and constricted pupil suggest

A

horner’s

68
Q

what does ptosis and dilated pupil suggest

A

third nerve palsy

69
Q

what is seen on fundoscopy in papilloedema

A
  • blurring of the optic disc margin
  • venous engorgement
  • elevation of optic disc cup
  • loss of optic disc cup
70
Q

investigation for laryngeal cancer

A

chest x-ray

71
Q

complication of thyroid surgery

A

damage to parathyroid glands can cause hypocalcaemia

72
Q

in a diabetic with otitis externa what is the most likely causative organism and what antibiotic would you use for it

A

pseudomonas

-ciprofloxacin

73
Q

what is the findings in a positive dix-hallpike maneouvre

A

onset of rotatory nystagmus

74
Q

management of acute otitis media with perforation

A

oral antibiotic

75
Q

common bacterial cause of otitis media in children

A

haemophilus influenzae

76
Q

management of a patient with a new stridor after a neck surgery

A

remove sutures and call for senior help

-if there is a bleed post-operatively under the sutures, then this can press on the trachea

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