revision sessions 2

Question 1

what is calcitonin produced by

Answer 1

C cells

Question 2

what type of hormone is T4

Answer 2

prohormone

Question 3

what is thyroid binding globulin increased by

Answer 3

• hypothyroidism
• pregnancy
• liver disease

Question 4

what causes decreased thyroid binding globulin

Answer 4

• major illness
• hyperthyroidism
• renal disease
• cushing’s syndrome

Question 5

if thyroglobulin levels increase or stay the same after treatment, what does this mean?

Answer 5

there are still thyroid cancer cells in the body

Question 6

side effect of carbimazole

Answer 6

• agranulocytosis
• thrombocytopenia
• haemolytic anaemia
• bone marrow disorders

Question 7

how can a large pituitary tumour cause hyperprolactinaemia

Answer 7

• crushes the pituitary stalk
• dopamine can’t get down it and inhibit prolactin
• loadssss of prolactin

Question 8

treatment for acromegaly

Answer 8

somatostatin analogues (sandostatin)

Question 9

treatment for acute hypercalcaemia

Answer 9

• fluids

- loop diuretics

Question 10

imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 10

sestamibi scan

Question 11

what is DiGeorge syndrome

Answer 11

congenital cause of hypoparathyroidism

Question 12

what does hypocalcaemia indicate about the kidneys

Answer 12

that there is CKD

chronic not acute

Question 13

causes of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Answer 13

• goodpastures

- GPA

Question 14

target blood glucose in diabetes

Answer 14

4-8

Question 15

what does the patient need to do when they are on sulphonylureas

Answer 15

monitor their blood glucose because of the risk of hypoglycaemia

Question 16

side effect of GLP-1 agonists

Answer 16

pancreatitis

Question 17

side effect of DPP-4 agonists

Answer 17

pancreatitis

Question 18

what does type 2 diabetes double your risk of getting

Answer 18

pancreatits

Question 19

medication combination to reduce CVD risk in diabetes

Answer 19

SGLT2 and metformin

Question 20

what diabetes drugs need to be stopped when unwell

Answer 20

metformin and SGLT-2

Question 21

what genes represent 50% of familial risk of type 1 dm

Answer 21

HLA genes

Question 22

diagnostic criteria for type 1

Answer 22

random blood glucose >11.1 with symptoms

Question 23

why don’t you use HbA1c to diagnose type 1

Answer 23

as it may be normal sometimes

Question 24

if both parents both have type 1 diabetes, what are the chances that their child gets it

Answer 24

30%

Question 25

if both parents have type 2 diabetes what are the chances that their child gets it

Answer 25

80%

Question 26

what does insulin increase synthesis of

Answer 26

glycogen

Question 27

what is type 1 diabetes in under 1yrs called

Answer 27

neonatal diabetes

Question 28

what is the mechanism of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors

Answer 28

inhibit reabsorption of glucose in the kidney

Question 29

what do melanomas look like on histology

Answer 29

brown

Question 30

actinic keratoses on histology

Answer 30

thick keratin layer at the top

Question 31

Answer 31

actinic keratoses

Question 32

Answer 32

psoriasis

Question 33

bullous pemphigoid on immunofluoresence

Answer 33

linear

Question 34

pemphigus vulgaris on immunofluoresence

Answer 34

chicken wire

Question 35

acne is an issue with what in the skin

Answer 35

pilosebaceous unit

Question 36

how long does a SCC take to grow

Answer 36

2-3 months

Question 37

local non-scarring hair loss

Answer 37

alopecia areata

Question 38

local scarring hair loss

Answer 38

discoid lupus

Question 39

general non-scarring hair loss

Answer 39

• telogen effluvium
• iron deficiency
• hypothyroid

Question 40

general scarring

Answer 40

• severe inflammatory condition

- trauma