final passmed:0 Flashcards
what needs to be done before a water deprivation test in suspected nephrogenic DI
serum collected calcium
-to exclude hypercalcaemia due to hyperparathyroidism
drug most likely to cause hyponatraemia
bendroflumethiazide
which rheumatoid arthritis drug can cause osteoporosis
prednisolone
intraperitoneal organs
- stomach
- small bowel
- part of the colon (caecum, transverse and sigmoid)
- liver
- spleen
tension movements in a stressed child
disorganised attachment
when mother departs or comes back the child is distressed or uncertain
ambivalent attachment
normal child
easy temperment
itchy vesicles over extensor surfaces
dermatitis herpetiformis
what hormone induces labour and is important in breastfeeding
oxytocin
investigation for unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
MRI head
investigation for recurrent episodes of acute sinusitis
CT head
do cataracts usually appear in one or two eyes
two eyes
if there is a large haemorrhage at the macula and sudden onset vision loss what does this suggest
wet ARMD
hair loss with exclamation mark hairs
alopecia areata
what is the active contractile phase of dupuytrens contracture
myofibroblasts within the lesion
treatment for herpes zoster opthalmicus
oral acyclovir
what are the clinical findings of frozen shoulder
active and passive movement limited and external rotation most affected
treatment for anti-phospholipid syndrome
aspirin if they’ve never had a thromboembolic event
warfarin if they have
is azathioprine safe to use in pregnancy
yes
what is a colles fracture
Colles’ fracture - Dorsally Displaced Distal radius → Dinner fork Deformity
what is a bennets fracture
intra-articular fracture at the base of the thumb metacarpal which commonly results from forced abduction of the first metacarpal
Bennets = Boxer
symptoms or mortons neuroma
- forefoot pain in between the toes
- worst on walking
- loss of sensation in the toes
investigation for mortons neuroma
USS
treatment for an extracapsular fracture that is: reverse oblique, transverse or sub trochanteric
intramedullary nail
treatment for all other extracapsular hip fractures
dynamic hip screw
treatment for an intracapsular displaced hip fracture
independent - total hip replacement
dependent - hemiarthroplasty
treatment for an undisplaced intracapsular fracture
healthy - internal fixation
frail - hemiarthroplasty
whats the garden classification used for
hip!!!!!
if T score is less than -1.5, what is done
offer bone protection
-vit D, calcium supplementation and oral bisphosponate
is an intertrochanteric fracture intracapsular or extracapsular
extracapsular
which nerve root for the triceps
C7
callus surrounding the bone
stress fracture
investigation for achilles tendon rupture
USS
most common complication of hip replacements
aseptic loosening
what is sometimes seen on otoscopic examination in otosclerosis
reddish blush visible on the cochlear promontory
bulging tympanic membrane with symptoms
acute otitis media
bubbles behind tympanic membrane and no symptoms
otitis media with effusion
if someone has scarring from acne what should their management be
refer to dermatology
what antibiotic for tonsillitis
phenoxymethylpenicillin for 10 days
first line treatment for lichen planus
topical steroid and antihistamine
in pemphigus vulgaris what do the antibodies target
the desmosomes
what do the antibodies target in bullous pemphigoid
hemidesmosomes
treatment for unhealed perforated ear drum
myringoplasty
what is this
seborrheic keratoses
alcohols effect on ADH
inhibits the release of ADH
what is the descending limb of the loop of henle permeable to
only water
what is a worrying urinary ACR
3 or more
if elevation of the testes relieves the pain, what does this mean
its epididymitis
treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
thiazide diuretics
NOT DESMOPRESSIN
most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
adenoma
what type of hypersensitivity is SLE
type 3
what neurovascular structure is most likely to be compromised in a scaphoid fracture
dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery
most likely cause of death for someone on haemodialysis for CKD
ischaemic heart disease
kawasaki disease
childhood febrile vasculitis mostly under 5 years and males -bilateral conjunctivitis -changes in lips and oral mucosa cavities -lymphadenopathy -polymorphous rash -changes in the extremities
what defines a pre term baby
before 37 weeks gestation
how many weeks for foetal loss
<22 weeks
age of head control
3 months
sitting balance
6 months
crawling
9 months
standing
12 months
runs
18 motnhs
hand regard in midline
3 months
grasps toy
6 months
knows name
12 months
friendly with strangers
6 months
risk factor for adhesive capsulitis
diabetes mellitus
what is endophthalmitis
purulent inflammation of the intra-ocular fluid usually due to infection
-complication of cataract surgery
