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passmed Flashcards

1
Q

what is seen in MEN 1

A
  • parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism)
  • pituitary
  • pancreas (insulinomas, gastrinoma)

most common presentation is hypercalcaemia

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2
Q

if there is low potassium what does this mean about the aldosterone levels

A

they are HIGH

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3
Q

resp features of GPA

A
  • haemoptysis
  • pulmonary infiltrates
  • alveolar haemorrhage
  • cavitating nodules on CXR
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4
Q

is club foot passively correctable

A

no

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5
Q

causes of dactylitis

inflammation of one digit

A
  • psoriatic and reactive arthritis
  • sickle cell disease
  • TB, sarcoid, syphilis
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6
Q

what can tenderness over the tibia indicate

A

a stress fracture

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7
Q

positive lachman test

A

ACL rupture

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8
Q

side effect of bisphosphonates

A

osteonecrosis of the jaw

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9
Q

do prolactinomas cause fertility problems

A

yes

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10
Q

side effect of immunosuppressants (azathioprine)

A

myelosuppression

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11
Q

how long should antibiotics be prescribed in septic arthritis

A

4-6 weeks

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12
Q

if a hip dislocation presents with a clunk, what type of dislocation is it most likely to be

A

posterior

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13
Q

foot pain exacerbated by walking on tip toes

A

plantar fasciitis

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14
Q

treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

thiazide diuretics

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15
Q

thiazide diuretic effects on sodium and potassium levels

A

results in sodium and potassium excretion

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16
Q

treatment of nephrotic syndrome

A

corticosteroids

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17
Q

what disease is pyoderma gangrenosum associated wtih

A

Crohns

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18
Q

which MEN causes phaeochromocytoma

A

2a and 2b

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19
Q

swelling where is a feature of sjogren syndrome

A

parotid

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20
Q

what is a basal bolus insulin regime

A

take long acting once a day and then short acting at meal times

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21
Q

what causes guttate psoriasis

A

strep infection

usually in children

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22
Q

what antibodies for pemphigus vulgaris

A

IgG autoantibodies against desmosomes

23
Q

what is seen on immunofluouresence in pemphigus vulgaris

A

circular intra-epidermal deposits

24
Q

first line investigation for acromegaly

A

IGF-1 levels

25
Q

can diabetes cause erectile dysfunction

A

yes

-autonomic neuropathy

26
Q

what virus is seborrhoeic dermatitis associated with

A

HIV

27
Q

which men presents with medullary thyroid cancer

A

MEN 2a

28
Q

triggers of shingles

A
  • malignancy
  • stress
  • systemic infection
  • immunocompromised patients
29
Q

what is the management for de quervain’s thyroiditis

A

analgesia (naproxen)

30
Q

joint aspirate results in rheumatoid arthritis

A

WBCs

31
Q

what cancer is hashimotos associated with

A

MALT lymphoma

32
Q

which diabetic drugs increase insulin sensitivity

A

thiazolidinediones

33
Q

if a post menopausal woman has a fracture, what should she be put on

A

bisphosphonate and calcium supplementation

34
Q

if urine osmolality is high after water deprivation and desmopressin what does this mean

A

primary polydispia (psychogenic)

35
Q

what is required for an asymptomatic patient to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes

A

two abnormal hbA1c readings

36
Q

can acromegaly cause galactorrhea

A

yes

37
Q

investigation for phaeochromocytoma

A

plasma and urinary metanephrines

38
Q

thyroid results in pregnancy

A

raised T3, T4
normal TSH
normal fT3, fT4

39
Q

blood results for kleinfelters

A
  • low testosterone
  • high LH
  • high FSH
40
Q

blood results for kallmanns

A
  • testosterone low
  • LH low/normal
  • FSH low/normal
41
Q

most common cause of hyperparathyroidism

A

adenoma

42
Q

what is a complication of fluid resus in DKA

A

cerebral oedema

-can cause seizures

43
Q

what is the PTH level in hypercalcaemia secondary to malignancy

A

low

-PTHrP may be raised

44
Q

pepperpot skull appearance

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

45
Q

side effect of carbimazole

A

AGRANULOCYTOSIS

mentioned in revision event !!!

46
Q

what does rapidly progressive GN look like on renal biopsy

A

crescentic GN

47
Q

what do kimmelstiel wilson nodules indicate

A

diabetic nephropathy

48
Q

total thyroxine levels (T4) in nephrotic syndrome

A

may be low

49
Q

is furosemide safe to use in AKI

A

no

50
Q

is warfarin safe to use in AKI

A

yes

51
Q

side effect of statins

A

rhabdomyolysis

52
Q

complication of nephrotic syndrome

A

predispose to thrombosis

53
Q

side effect of fluid resus requiring large volumes

A

hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis

54
Q

what should you give to patients with newly diagnosed CKD

A

ACEi and a statin

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