revision sessions Flashcards
what are dendritic ulcers caused by
HSV
if the corneal ulcer is central what does this mean
its infective
treatment for a bacterial corneal ulcer
olfloxacin
which cancer is anterior uveitis associated with
leukaemia
what is synechiae caused by
the pupil stuck to the lens
anterior uveitis
management if a hypopyon is seen in anterior uveitis
urgent review
what is amaurosis fugax caused by
block in the carotid artery
symptoms of amaurosis fugax
curtain coming down
-transient vision loss in one eye
treatment for amaurosis fugax
self limiting
symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma
- Severe pain and nausea
- Circumcorneal injection
- Cornea cloudy (oedematous)
- Pupil mid-dilated
- Eye stony hard
treatment for acute angle closure glaucoma
pilocarpine eye drops
symptoms and signs of vitreous haemorrhage
- sudden painless vision loss or haze
- floaters
- loss of red reflex
risk factor for retinal detachment
SHORT sighted
causes of optic neuritis
MS
lupus
other infections or immune diseases
optic neuritis can be an early sign of MS
arteritic causes of ischaemic optic neuropathy
GCA (temporal arteritis)
non-arteritic causes of ischaemic optic neuropathy
vascular risk factors
what nerve supplies the sole of the foot
tibial nerve
what metabolic disturbance can compartment syndrome cause
lactic acidosis
treatment for an undisplaced ankle fracture
moonboot
difference between presentation of septic arthritis and bursitis
septic arthritis - can barely move joint
bursitis - can move it
weber ankle fracture classification
A - below syndesmosis
B - level of syndesmosis
C - above syndesmosis
if a 0-5yrs has recent viral infection and sore joint
transient synovitis
knee pain in a 10 year old but normal knee x-ray
could be SUFE
which hip fractures do not always cause a disruption of shentons line
femoral neck fractures
what is healing by secondary intention
bottom of the reconstruction ladder
- Describes the healing of a wound in which the wound edges cannot be approximated
- Requires a granulation tissue matrix to be built to fill the wound defect
what is healing by primary closure
second on the reconstruction ladder
-Occurs when the wound edges are approximated e.g. by sutures, staples or glue
whats third on the reconstruction ladder
skin grafts
whats fourth on the reconstruction ladder
skin flaps
where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch from
vagus nerve
what can’t you give to a patient with glandular fever
amoxicillin
CRP levels in glandular fever
low
what test for glandular fever
paul-bunnel test
where do nosebleeds branch from
internal and external carotid artery
management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss
emergency
-refer to ENT
stridor is a problem where?
and what type of pitch
voice box
high pitch
stertor is a problem where?
and what type of pitch
higher than the larynx
low pitched inspiratory
is a wheeze expiratory or inspiratory
expiratory
when is someone with nasal trauma seen if there is no haematoma or CSF leak
in 7 days
at what frequency is noise induced hearing loss seen at
between 2000-4000
symptoms of migraine associated vertigo
- vertigo
- photophobia
- headache
investigation for patients with chronic ear ache but normal ENT exam
MRI
investigation for neck swellings
USS FNA
investigations for problems with parotid gland or nasopharynx
MRI
what virus is most commonly associated with tonsil cancers
HPV 16
if a salivary gland mass is small what does this mean
more likely to be malignant
symptoms of a pharyngeal pouch
- regurgitation
- bad breath
who most commonly gets eosinophilic oesophagitis
young patients with asthma
what cancers are HPV 6&11 related to
larynx
what nerve can be damaged in parotid surgery
mandibular branch of the facial nerve
