random principles facts Flashcards
what gene does cystic fibrosis occur in
CFTR
what are multi-lobed nuclei
neutrophils
what do S2, 3 and 4 do?
inivates the lavita ani (keep the pelvis off the floor
what do C3, 4 and 5 do
keep the diaphragm alive (phrenic nerve)
what happens when sodium enters a cell
potassium exits
when should you use anti-microbial soap and water
- if your hands are visibly soiled
- been in contact with body fluids
- dealing with c.diff or MRSA
what can herpes simplex virus do?
stay in the body in a latent state and reactivate to cause a disease
what is the most common place missed during hand washing
the folds behind the thumb
what is efficacy
the ability of an agonist to evoke a cellular response
what happens in sepsis
there is a decrease in circulating blood volume due to endotoxins causing vasodilation and intravascular fluid to leak into adjacent tissue
what is C3 activated by in the complement system
the classical and alternative lectin pathways
what is a granuloma
a collection of macrophages that is a manifestation of an inflammatory process
what do sarcoidosis granulomas contain
epithelioid macrophages and Langhans type giance cells
where is the thoracic duct
between azygous and oesophagus
the duck between two gooses
how would malignancy show in a nucleus
enlarged and pleomorphic nuclei
what does GLUT do
passive facilitated diffusion for glucose transport in the gut
what is the diencephalon formed by
the hypothalamus and the thalamus
what does the diencephalon have connections to
the right and left cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain
what is the periosteum
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints
what is the perineum
the area between the anus and the scrotum or vulva
what is the perimetrium
outer serosa layer of the uterus
whats the black bag for
paper towels and empty medication blister packs
whats the orange bag for
non-sharp clinical waste
at what point in the ABCDE would blood sugar level be checked
D
what artery is used for bp
brachial
what is pinocytosis
the ingestion of extracellular fluids by cells
what two types of cells are predominantly found in granulation tissue
endothelial cells and myofibroblasts
how does increased intracellular calcium lead to cell death
by increasing mitochondrial permeability
what is the initial response to the vascular phase of acute inflammation
arteriole dilatation
what describes the stage of human development where genetic testing can be done on the ball of cells?
morula
where are lipids produced
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
what polarised, cohesive sheets line the abdominal cavity
epithelium
what organ contains striated cells that are branched, and have a single nucleus that is located near the centre?
the heart
what are the layers of an artery, from outermost to innermost?
tunica adventitia, external elastic membrane, tunica media, internal elastic membrane and tunica intima
which mechanism is used for ATP synthesis in the glycolytic pathway
photophosphorylation
what happens when a stop codon is reached by a ribosome
a termination protein binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the p site tRNA. Ribosome is likely to dissociate
what is the rate of reaction in reduction of pyruvate to lactate matched by?
the NADH regeneration by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
give an example of a transcription factor that binds to a specific DNA sequence
TATA box binding protein
does heat exposure increase or decrease muscle tone
decreases
what molecules function as PRRs
lectin-like molecules
which immunoglobins are relevant to viral infections
IgG and IgM
what is endotoxic shock caused by
lipopolysaccharides
describe a gram positive bacteria
a prokaryote that contains a single cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a relatively thick multi-layered cell wall that often contains a secondary polymer in addition to a peptidoglycan
what antibiotics are taken up in the active form and reduced in the cytoplasm of the micro-organism leading to DNA damage
metronidazole (nitroimidazole)
which protein causes rapid proliferation of tumour cells
c-myc
what things cause a right shift in the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve
Hyperthermia, hypercapnia, acidosis and sickle cell disease
