Uses of Electromagnetic Waves Flashcards
branch of science studying the interaction between organisms and electromagnetic fields
bioelectromagnetics
the process in which plants and other organisms, such as algae, use electromagnetic waves in the form of light as an energy source for food production
Photosynthesis
step-in photosynthesis that require sunligh
light-dependent reactions
light-dependent reactions occur in the _ of chloroplasts
thylakoid membrane
are a vital organelle in plant cells which contains chlorophyll and other pigments to take in light
Chloroplasts
first step in the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis
breaking of water bonds into oxygen molecules and hydrogen atoms by using light energy
The first step in the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis is the breaking of water bonds into oxygen molecules and hydrogen atoms by using light energy. This takes place in
photosystem II
will be released from this reaction which will move to photosystem I in which they will be used by NADP+
Electrons
Electrons will be used by NADP+ to form
NADPH
is a component used to make sugar in the Calvin cycle
NADPH
charge imbalance between the thylakoid membrane will cause the movement of hydrogen atoms through the ATP synthase to produce energy in the form of _ which will be sent to the light-independent reactions
ATP
emitted light is usually a product of a series of chemical reactions in a general process known as
chemiluminescence
chemiluminescence which takes place inside living organisms
bioluminescence
different purposes of Bioluminescence
camouflage, illumination, defense, luring, sexual attraction
distract their predators by detaching a glowing arm and escaping
brittle stars
use bioluminescence to attract prey
Angler fish
Angler fish use bioluminescence to attract prey. It has a fleshy growth called _ atop its head.
filament
bioluminescence to attract mates
Adult fireflies
are more flashing and the flash patterns inform the nearby females of their species of their interest in mating
(Fireflies)
Males
radios, televisions, tracking devices, satellites, and space probes
Long distance communications
Long distance communications, such as those using radios, televisions, tracking devices, satellites, and space probes, rely on transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves such as _ and _
radio waves and microwaves
converts electrical signals into radio signals and vice versa
antenna
In practice different antenna systems were designed for transmission and reception. For example, television and radio stations have very large antennae that transmit radio waves over a large area. These waves are picked up by antennae of television and radio units at homes and offices.
is the process in which an antenna converts electric current to radio waves
Transmission
is the process in which an antenna converts received radio wave signals to electric current
Reception
Radio communications work by systematically adjusting the _ or _
amplitude or frequency
In _, the difference in the amplitudes (i.e. signal strength) of the waves of this signal and carrier is modulated, that is, varied corresponding to the sound being transmitted
amplitude modulation (AM)
In _, the difference in frequency (and consequently wavelength) is varied instead of the amplitude
frequency modulation (FM)
have bigger reach compared to FM radio signals
AM radio signals
However, it is harder to eliminate interference on AM thus music is normally transmitted using
FM
is used for voice communications and broadcasts
AM
also used in long distance communication for systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigation and mapping.
Microwaves
Wireless communications over short distances also require the use of electromagnetic waves. However, most of these applications require higher-energy electromagnetic wave such as _ and _
microwave and infrared rays
uses microwaves to enable communications between the Wireless Access Point or WAP (the device that serves as hub or center of LAN), and the terminals (computers, laptops, mobile devices connected to LAN)
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
the device that serves as hub or center of LAN
Wireless Access Point or WAP
(computers, laptops, mobile devices connected to LAN)
terminals
used in operating televisions, air conditioners, and other appliances
Remote controls
Remote controls, such as those used in operating televisions, air conditioners, and other appliances, use _ signals to operate.
infrared
work by using infrared radiation as an additional input to visible light in producing images
Night vision systems
Infrared emissions are associated with
warm surface, or those with a higher relative temperature compared with the environment
can be equipped with night vision apparatus
CCTV cameras
are those that absorb (or reflect) electromagnetic waves
Opaque materials
are used to detect what is inside luggage and boxes that enter these establishments
Xray scanners
In ports, airports, and other establishments that require high security, Xray scanners are used to detect what is inside luggage and boxes that enter these establishments.
Laser stands for
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation
made of a tube with mirrors on both ends and a material that can be stimulated to produce light
laser device
are used to cut metals and woods. It works by heating a thin region across a material allowing it to either burn or melt.
Laser cutting technology
Laser is also commonly used in reading contents of an
optical disk
surface of this disk actually contains
pits” or microscopic regions that are sunk deeper than the surrounding materials
can make some difficult-to-see substances more visible through fluorescence
UV radiation
a phenomenon where substances absorb UV radiation and emit visible light
Fluorescence
Chemicals that are capable of fluorescence are added to _ _, usually as ink with a certain pattern. This is why UV radiation can be used to detect counterfeit money.
paper money
contribute to the production of free radicals that can also damage DNA.
Ultraviolet waves
Thus, UV radiation is used to purify the air by destroying the DNA of _ _
airborne microorganisms
used amplified light waves for detecting barcodes in groceries and reading disk drives.
Lasers
make some difficult-to-see substances more visible through fluorescence. These waves are also used in detecting counterfeit money and air purification
UV rays
are utilized in scanners of airports and establishments
X-rays
are utilized in scanners of airports and establishments
X-rays
can be useful for the diagnosis of tumors since the higher cellular activity in tumors cause them to emit more infrared radiation than healthy tissues
Infrared radiation
Infrared radiation can be seen with a _
thermogram
can be used for the treatment of tumors
can be used for the repair of peripheral nerves
can be used for the removal of birthmarks
laser
can be used for the treatment of tumors
carbon dioxide (CO2) laser
can be used for the repair of peripheral nerves
argon laser
can be used for the removal of birthmarks
argon lasers
is a special laser is used to reshape the eye’s cornea for correcting the primary types of eye refractive error, such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness) and astigmatism
LASIK or Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis
LASIK
Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis
are commonly used for medical imaging. They can be used to take an image of the bones because the calcium in the bones tends to absorb X-rays while several other tissues, such as those of skin, muscles, and digestive tract are transparent to them
X-rays
The _ _ of an X-ray plate are regions where the X-rays did not pass through
white regions
The _ _ of an X-ray plate are regions where the X-rays did not pass through
white regions
_ materials are used to see soft tissues using X-rays. For example, swallowing barium sulfate coats the surface of the digestive tract, making it appear on X-ray plate and allowing its shape to be outlined.
Contrast
High energy electromagnetic radiations are used in sterilization of food and equipment. Ultraviolet lamp is used in sterilizing work surfaces, such as those in laboratories and hospitals. It is also used as pasteurization agent to treat fruit juices and other food product
UV Radiation
multiple beams of gamma rays are focused on a tumor to kill the cancerous cells
gamma-knife surgery
_ are used in a new form of medical procedure called gamma-knife surgery; multiple beams of gamma rays are focused on a tumor to kill the cancerous cells. The beams are aimed at different angles to maximize the targeting of cancer cells while minimizing the damage to healthy tissues.
Gamma rays
comes from electromagnetic waves with sufficiently high energy that can possibly cause cellular and DNA damage. Examples include UV radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.
Ionizing radiation
are from electromagnetic waves with relatively low radiation levels believed to be harmless to humans
include extremely low frequency radio (ELF) waves, radio (RF) waves, microwaves and visual light
Non-ionizing radiation
The major effect of non-ionizing radiation is an increase in the system’s _. Ionizing radiation, on the other hand, poses a greater threat.
temperature
Ultraviolet radiation has three sub classifications namely: .
UV A ,UV B ,UV C
has the lowest frequency among UV A, UV B and UV C
UV A
has a slightly lower frequency than UV C but is already capable of causing severe sunburn and cellular damage
UV B
Overexposure of plants to _ _ impairs photosynthesis and could result in reduced size, productivity and quality of crops
UV B
is capable of damaging the DNA of different organisms, including humans
Ultraviolet
are also capable of causing cell damage, which can result in mutations that may potentially lead to cancer and death
X-rays and gamma rays
are used in thermogram for monitoring heat and blood flow in the human bod
Infrared
are used in tumor removal, bloodless surgeries, and LASIK surgery
Lasers
are used in treatment of skin conditions, and sanitation of equipments
UV rays
are commonly used in medical imaging particularly in taking images of bones in the human body
X-rays
are used in killing cancer cells through targeting tumors and also used in sterilizing medical equipments
Gamma rays
comes from electromagnetic waves with sufficiently high energy that can possibly cause cellular and DNA damage
Ionizing radiation
UV radiation, xrays, and gamma rays
ionizing radiation
are from electromagnetic waves with relatively low radiation levels believed to be harmless to humans
Non-ionizing radiation
radio waves, microwaves and visible light
non-ionizing radiation
