G10 The Reproductive System: Parts and Functions(Spermatogenisis and Oogenesis) Flashcards
In animals, the reproductive organs called _ produce the gametes.
gonads
male gonads
testes
female gonads
ovaries
Each of these gonads further has structures that serve to produce and nourish the developing gametes.
Gametes all have a _ set of chromosomes.
haploid
This means that they only have one set of chromosomes which is unpaired.
a haploid set of chromosomes
a cell having a _ _, as is the case of somatic cells. Diploid cells have a complete set of paired chromosomes.
diploid set
produce sperm cells, and this is where the maturation of these cells occur
seminiferous tubules
Sperm cells are considered _ if they are capable of motility and fertilization
mature
production of mature sperm cells is called
spermatogenesis
The entire process of spermatogenesis takes about 65–75 days in mature human males.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogonia
Primary Spermatocytes
Secondary Spermatocytes
Spermatids
Spermatogenesis produces many cells called
spermatogonia
These spermatogonia undergo _, from which the primary spermatocytes are derived
mitosis
will then undergo meiosis I
Primary Spermatocytes
This is when the number of chromosomes is reduced from a diploid number to a haploid number.
meiosis I
The haploid number will be maintained until the sperm matures.
Through meiosis I, each primary spermatocyte divides into _ _ _
two secondary spermatocytes
Meiosis II will allow each secondary spermatocyte divides into two _ or young spermatozoa.
spermatids
Young spermatozoa will eventually develop into mature spermatozoa, also known as _ _.
sperm cells
production of mature egg cells
oogenesis
female gonads
primary organs involved with oogenesis
two major layers of the ovary
cortex and the medulla
Oogenesis occurs in the _, and the developing egg cells are contained inside structures known as follicles. The follicles serve to protect and nourish the egg cells as they develop. The medulla contains blood vessels and nerves.
cortex
Oogenesis occurs in the cortex, and the developing egg cells are contained inside structures known as follicles. The _ serve to protect and nourish the egg cells as they develop. The medulla contains blood vessels and nerves.
follicles
Oogenesis occurs in the cortex, and the developing egg cells are contained inside structures known as follicles. The follicles serve to protect and nourish the egg cells as they develop. The _ contains blood vessels and nerves.
medulla
Oogenesis
Primordial Follicle Oogonia Primary Oocytes Secondary Oocytes Egg Cell
A human female, when born, already has a fixed number of primordial follicles. This means that the number of times wherein a person can ovulate over the course of a lifetime is already dictated by the amount of primordial follicles present. This is also the reason why menopause happens.
This means that the number of times wherein a person can ovulate over the course of a lifetime is already dictated by the amount of _ _ present.
primordial follicles
_ occurs when a female is already incapable of ovulating as a result of having no more viable egg cells. These primordial cells will eventually mature as the female enters puberty.
Menopause
Oogenesis begins with a germ cell called _. These oogonia undergo mitosis, from which the primary oocytes are derived.
oogonium
The diploid oogonium undergoes mitosis to produce two diploid _ _. This process usually happens before birth, or shortly after birth.
/two diploid/ primary oocytes
The primary oocytes will remain as primary oocytes because they stop at the prophase I of meiosis until puberty when oogenesis continues. Further maturation of these oocytes will start to happen during puberty and beyond.
The primary oocyte is arrested in prophase of _.
meiosis II
The maturation will continue when a woman ovulates as part of her menstrual cycle.
The primary oocyte will continue the process of meiosis to produce a haploid _ _ and a polar body. The _ _ usually dies. At ovulation, the secondary oocyte is released. It travels toward the uterus through the oviduct.
secondary oocyte, polar body
If the secondary oocyte is fertilized, the cell completes the process of meiosis, producing a second polar body and a fertilized egg.
From the 70 000 immature egg cells present at birth in each ovary, only around 500 will become mature. These are released when the females reach physical maturity.
The egg cell has a large nucleus with the haploid set of chromosomes. It has a small amount of yolk with an abundance of the cytoplasm.
In animals, the reproductive organs called gonads produce the gametes. The male gonads are the testes, and the female gonads are the ovaries.
The ovary has two major layers, which are the cortex and the medulla. The cortex is the outer layer, whereas the medulla is the inner. Oogenesis occurs in the cortex.
Developing egg cells are contained inside structures known as follicles. The follicles serve to protect and nourish the egg cells as they develop. The medulla contains blood vessels and nerves.
Oogenesis produces many cells called oogonia. These oogonia undergo mitosis, from which the primary oocytes are derived.
Oogenesis begins with a germ cell called oogonium.
The diploid oogonium undergoes mitosis to produce two diploid primary oocytes.
The primary oocyte will continue the process of meiosis to produce a haploid secondary oocyte and a polar body. The polar body usually dies.
From the 70 000 immature egg cells present at birth in each ovary, only around 500 will become matur
