G10 Unit 25 (Proteins)

Question 1

are biomolecules composed of amino acid units

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

are organic molecules that have a central carbon atom bonded to four different groups: an amino group (−NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (−COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain, usually denoted as R

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

The side chain can range from a single hydrogen atom to complex ring structures.

Question 4

In a protein, the amino acids are linked via a _ _. This _ _ is formed between an amino group of one amino acid and a carboxyl group of another amino acid.

Answer 4

peptide bond

Question 5

There are 20 common amino acids found in proteins, and these are known as the _ _ _

Answer 5

essential amino acids

Question 6

a protein molecule made of two amino acids

Answer 6

dipeptide

Question 7

a protein molecule made of three amino acids

Answer 7

tripeptide

Question 8

a protein molecule made of more than 50 amino acids

Answer 8

polypeptide

Question 9

Proteins have four significant levels of structure

Answer 9

Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structire

Question 10

sequence of amino acids, and how they

are connected together by peptide bonds

Answer 10

Primary Structure

Question 11

deals with how the protein folds, which is an
effect of the hydrogen bonds between amino acids. Two notable types of folding in
the _ _ of proteins are α-helices and β-pleated sheets

Answer 11

Secondary Structure

Question 12

refers to its three-dimensional structure, which
depends on the placement and positioning of the side chains and atoms of the
protein. Significant examples of protein _ _ are the globular and
fibrous structures. The former are spherical in shape, and the latter are coiled and
elongated

Answer 12

Tertiary Structure

Question 13

refers to the pattern of aggregation that the

protein subunits have

Answer 13

Quaternary Structure

Question 14

a molecule that catalyzes or speeds-up chemical reactions in the body

Answer 14

enzyme

Question 15

it means that
the energy required to activate the
reaction is lowered

Answer 15

reaction is catalyzed,

Question 16

breaks down starch

produced by the salivary glands and the pancreas

Answer 16

amylase

Question 17

a molecule that carries small particles, such as food and waste, to different parts of the body

Answer 17

transport protein

Question 18

proteins that are responsible for the strength and shape of certain structures in the body

Answer 18

structural proteins

Question 19

a protein molecule produced by the immune system to fight off disease-causing microbes and harmful foreign particles

Answer 19

antibody

Question 20

are proteins that receive signals from other sources, and these signals are usually in the form of chemicals and compounds

Answer 20

Receptors