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Science > G10 The Electromagnetic Spectrum > Flashcards

G10 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Flashcards

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1
Q

postulated that light “coming from the eye” travels in a straight line. He also worked on the reflection of light.

A

Euclid of Alexandria

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2
Q

famous for his geocentric model of the universe, studied the refraction of light and color phenomena, (c. 100 CE – c. 170 CE)

A

Claudius Ptolemy

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3
Q

used the apparent change in the position of stars as Earth revolves around the Sun to measure the speed of light

A

James Bradley

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4
Q

The value he obtained was _ which is within 1% of the current estimate.

(James Bradley)

A

3.0 x10^8m/s

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5
Q

There were earlier attempts in measuring the speed of light by other scientists, including _ and _ but their methods did not yield any useful results.

A

Galileo Galilei and Ole Roemer

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6
Q

The current value is at _, which can still be approximated as 3.0 x 108 m/s .

A

299 910 000 m/s

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7
Q

states that the light is made of a stream of particles travelling in a straight path

A

particle model

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8
Q

The particle model, states that the light is made of a stream of particles travelling in a straight path. One of the leading proponents of this model is

A

Isaac Newton

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9
Q

explained as the bouncing of light on a surface, much like a bouncing ball.

A

Reflection

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10
Q

is explained by the presence of certain force at the interface of two media.

A

Refraction

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11
Q

states that light is an energy-carrying disturbance or vibration similar to sound and water ripples

A

wave model

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12
Q

worked on the mathematical theory of the wave nature of light

A

Christiaan Huygens

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13
Q

is explained as the bouncing of light waves on materials it cannot pass through similar to the echo of sound and ocean waves bouncing on a steep cliff

A

Reflection

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14
Q

is the slowing down of the waves as light moves to a different medium

A

Refraction

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15
Q

This also implies that light is capable of interference, or waves amplifying or cancelling each other.

A

wave model

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16
Q

The current consensus is that electromagnetic waves are _ and _.

A

both wave and particle

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17
Q

The _ _ is useful in developing radio wave transmission for telecommunications

A

wave model

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18
Q

_ is useful in developing photovoltaic cells for generation of electricity

A

particle model

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19
Q

came up with the theory of electromagnetic wave, electric and magnetic fields that induce one another as they propagate. As an electromagnetic wave, it is believed to be capable of travelling through vacuum. - hypothesized that light is an electromagnetic wave because the speed of electromagnetic wave matched the known speed of light.

A

James Clerk Maxwell

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20
Q

german physicist,using Maxwell’s theories, discovered radio waves by building devices that can produce and receive them. He determined that radio waves also travel at 3.0 x 10^8 m/s, and exhibit wave properties similar to that of light.
He used two rods the serves as the receiver and a spark gap as the receiving antony(antenna) where waves were picked up

A

Heinrich Hertz

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21
Q

discovery of electromagnetic induction
responsible for introducing the concept of field in physics to describe electromagnetic interaction
made fundamental contributions to the electromagnetic theory of light

A

Michael Faraday

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22
Q

discovered that a wire carrying electric current can attract or repel another wire next to it that’s also carrying electric current

Ampere’s Law of Electromagnetism

A

André-Marie Ampère

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23
Q

Electric current in a wire can deflect a magnetized compass needle

A

Hans Christian Oersted

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24
Q

According to _, since light travels in a straight line, it must be a particle
because waves are known to bend through obstacles. For example, sounds can be
heard through walls since sound waves bend around them

A

Newton

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25
Q

After various scientists showed the possibility of the particle model of light, _ _ offered an explanation in 1905. He suggested that light, at least in some
instances, should be considered to be composed of small packets of energy or
particles called photons . He added that the energy of each particle was
proportional to the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation that it was a part of

A

Albert Einstein

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26
Q

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

PROPERTIES

A
  1. They are produced by accelerated or
    oscillating charge.
  2. They do not require any material or
    medium for propagation.
  3. They travel in free space at the
    speed of 3x10° m/s
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27
Q

PRINCIPLES

A

Many natural phenomena exhibit wave-like behaviors. All of
them — water waves, earthquake waves, and sound waves
require a medium to propagate. These are examples of
mechanical waves.

Light can also be described as a wave — a wave of changing
electric and magnetic fields that propagate outward from
their sources. These waves, however, do not require a
medium to propagate.

They propagate at 300,000,000 meters per second through
a vacuum

Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. In simpler
terms, the changing electric and magnetic fields oscillate
perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the
propagating waves. These changing electric and magnetic
fields generate each other through Faraday’s Law of
Induction and Ampere’s Law of Electromagnetism. These
changing fields dissociate from the oscillating charge and
propagate out into space at the speed of light.

When the oscillating charge accelerates, the moving
charge’s electric fields change, too.

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28
Q

is the passing of light through a material medium

A

Transmission

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29
Q

Transparent and translucent materials transmit light, but _ materials do not.

A

opaque

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30
Q

If light is not

transmitted, it may have been _ or _.

A

reflected or absorbed

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31
Q

the separation of light into different colors. This may happen to a
refracting light depending on the angle from which it entered a new medium and
the nature of this medium.

White light is dispersed into a band of colors: red,
orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet

A

Dispersion

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32
Q

happens when a material takes in light and converts it into different
forms of energy.

A

Absorption

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33
Q

_ _ are those that selectively absorb colors. Most
_ _ around us convert light to heat but some materials, such as
leaves and photovoltaic cells, convert some of the light to other forms of energy
such as chemical energy stored as glucose and electrical energy, respectively.

A

Opaque materials

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34
Q

The leaf absorbs all the frequencies of light except for _ and that _ color is reflected and perceived by the observer’s eyes.

A

green

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35
Q

When an object appears _, it means it reflects all components of light

A

white

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36
Q

when an object appears _, it means it absorbs all the components

A

black

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37
Q

the splitting and bending of light into several random directions. For a
transparent material, _ is due to impurities present in the material. For an
opaque material, light may - in different directions as it bounces off due to
irregularities in the material’s shape

A

Scattering

38
Q

Shorter wavelengths of visible light (i.e., blue
and violet) are scattered by nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the atmosphere,
making the sky appear blue. During sunset, the light coming from the sun hits the
atmosphere at a different angle making the sky appear red.

A

-5-

39
Q

is the spreading-out of light after passing through a narrow slit. When
the opening is smaller, the _ is greater. The _ is also greater if the
wavelength is longer.

A

Diffraction

40
Q

is the overlapping of two or more waves into one wave whenever they pass through the same point

A

Interference

41
Q

happens when the opposite parts of two waves meet

A

Destructive interference

42
Q

happens when identical parts of two waves meet

A

Constructive interference

43
Q

_ _’s double-slit experiment demonstrated that light exhibits interference.

A

Thomas Young

44
Q

The _ _ are the areas where waves interfere constructively

A

bright fringes

45
Q

_ _ are the areas where waves interfere destructively.

A

dark fringes

46
Q

electromagetic spectrum arranged in increasing frequency

A 
radio waves
microwaves
infrared
visible light
ultraviolet
x-rays
gamma rays
47
Q

speed of electromagnetic waves denoted as

A

c

48
Q

Electromagnetic waves travel slower in

denser materials or materials with molecules closer to one another. Thus

A

light is
faster in air than in water, and faster in water than in glass. It travels fastest in
vacuum where not even a single molecule can be found.

49
Q

are

transverse waves made of perpendicular electrical and magnetic field components

A

Electromagnetic waves

50
Q

refers to the time it takes for the wave to finish one complete wavelength to pass through a point

A

wave’s period (T)

51
Q

is the number of complete waves passing through a point in a unit of time

A

frequency (f)

52
Q

f=?

A

1/T

53
Q

refers to the distance the wave covers per cycle of propagation
can be visualized as one “complete” wave in a series of identical waves

A

wavelength ( λ )

54
Q

distance divided by time

A

Speed

55
Q

speed of the wave or v=?

A

v=λ/T

56
Q

speed using wavelength and frequency

A

v=λf

57
Q

electric field and magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are
_ to each other

A

perpendicular

58
Q

frequency is inversely related to the _ of a wave

A

period

59
Q

light traveling in a vacuum or empty space

formula

A

c=λf

60
Q

greater than 1 meter(an electromagnetic wave)

A

radio waves

61
Q

(1 x 10^-3) to (1)

A

microwaves

62
Q

(7 x 10^-7) to (1 x 10^-3)

A

infrared

63
Q

(4 x 10^-7) x (7 x 10^-7)

A

visible light

64
Q

(1 x 10^-8) to (4x10^-7)

A

ultraviolet

65
Q

(1 x 10^-10) to (1 x 10^-8)

A

x-rays

66
Q

less than 1 x 10^-10 or 100 pm

A

gamma rays

67
Q

(6.2 x 10^-7) to (7 x 10^-7)

A

red

68
Q

(5.8 x 10^-7) to (6.2 x 10^-7)

A

orange

69
Q

(5.3 x 10^-7) to (5.8 x 10^-7)

A

yellow

70
Q

(4.7 x 10^-7) to (5.3 x 10^-7)

A

green

71
Q

(4.2 x 10^-7) to (4.7 x 10^-7)

A

blue

72
Q

(4 x 10^-7) to (4.2 x 10^-7)

A

violet

73
Q

electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelength and lowest frequency

A

radio waves

73
Q

wavelength just above one meter, and frequencies
below _
(radio waves)

A

3.0 × 10^8 Hz

74
Q

wavelengths approximately between one m and one mm.

A

Microwaves

75
Q

Their frequencies range from
_ to _ in a vacuum.
(microwave

A

3.0 × 10^8 to 3.0 × 10^11 Hz

76
Q

Waves having shorter wavelengths than

microwaves but longer than visible light are called

A

infrared

77
Q

occupy the

wavelength roughly between 1 mm and 700 nm

A

infrared

78
Q

(nm means nanometer, equivalent

to _ m)

A

10 ^ -9

79
Q

mm is _

A

10^ -3m

80
Q

infra means

A

below

81
Q

visible have wavelengths ranging from _ to _

A

700 nm

to 400 nm

82
Q

Arranged in decreasing wavelengths, the order of visible light is

A

red, orange, yellow,

green, blue, and violet.

83
Q

under certain conditions, humans may be capable

of seeing infrared at up to _ nm and ultraviolet up to _ nm

A

1050, 310

84
Q

ultra means

A

going beyond

85
Q

usually from _ nm to _ nm

ultra violet

A

400, 10

86
Q

electromagnetic waves with the highest amount of energy
They can pass through several opaque materials such as
human body tissues

A

X-rays and gamma rays

87
Q

pm=

A

10^-12

88
Q

X-rays with wavelengths from

A

10 nm to 100 pm

89
Q

X-rays with wavelengths from

A

10 nm to 100 pm

90
Q

are those with wavelengths
less than _ pm
gamma rays

A

100

91
Q

Raging Martians Invaded Venus Using

X-ray Guns

A

Science (49 decks)

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