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Science > G10 DNA > Flashcards

G10 DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

He discovered nucleic acids upon isolation of “nuclein” from white blood cells.

A

Friedrich Miescher

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2
Q

are biomolecules that play important roles in the /storage and expression of genetic information/

A

Nucleic acids

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3
Q

Nucleic Acids are macromolecules composed of the monomers called _.

A

nucleotides

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4
Q

components of Nucleotides

A

a phosphate group
a 5-C sugar
a nitrogenous base

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5
Q

Bonds that nucleotides has

A

Glycosidic bond

Ester bond

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6
Q

_ bond attaches the base to the first C of sugar

A

Glycosidic

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7
Q

_ bond attaches the phosphate to the first C of sugar

A

Ester

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8
Q

linkages connect the nucleotides

A

Phosphodiester

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9
Q

A nucleotide is connected to its adjacent nucleotides via _ _ bonds.

(Phosphodiester linkages connect the nucleotides.)

A

two ester

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10
Q

Types of Nucleic Acids

A

DNA or RNA

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11
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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12
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid

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13
Q

2 types of nucleic acids differ in terms of

A

nitrogenous bases

5-C sugar

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14
Q

Nitrogenous Bases can either be

A

purines and pyrimidines

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15
Q

purines

A

two ringed

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16
Q

pyrimidines

A

single-ringed

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17
Q

DNA and RNA have the same bases except for

A

thymine in DNA

uracil in RNA

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18
Q

The nucleic acids differ in their 5-C sugar.

A
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19
Q

nucleic acids difference in 5-C Sugar

A

DNA-deoxyribose

RNA-ribose

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20
Q

Their sugars differ in the _ _ atom

A

second carbon

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21
Q

Chargaff Rule

A

A=T
G=C

\U=T\

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22
Q

The DNA stores genetic information in the form of _ _

A

nucleotide sequences

23
Q

The _ _ in DNA help protect and conserve its genetic information

A

base pairings

24
Q

The strands of DNA run in opposite directions making them _

A

antiparallel

25
Q

runs in 5′ to 3′ direction; the strand that is expressed

A

Coding strand

26
Q

runs in 3′ to 5′ direction

A

Template strand

27
Q

The DNA double helix is a twisted, right-handed, staircase.

A
28
Q

the sides of the ladder

A

Sugar-phosphate

29
Q

the rungs of the ladder

A

Base pairs

30
Q

5′-pApTpApTpApTpApTpApTpA-3′
Polarity is seen with the 5′ and 3′ locants; directionality labels can be removed.

pApTpApTpApTpApTpApTpA
A phosphate group is exposed at the 5′ end; phosphate groups can be removed.

ATATATATAT
Simplified notation with only the nitrogenous bases represented.

ATATATATAT
TATATATATA
The coding strand is always written above the complementary template strand.

A
31
Q

first proposed the double helical structure of DNA

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

32
Q

scientists

data sets

A

Rosalind Franklin and Erwin Chargaff

33
Q

alongside Raymond Gosling, obtained the Photograph 51 via X-ray crystallography

A

Rosalind Franklin

34
Q

The symmetric patterns generated were interpreted as the DNA structure.

A
35
Q

The central dogma explains duplication of genetic material and expression of genes.

A
36
Q

The central dogma explains duplication of genetic material and expression of genes.

A

involves replication, transcription, translation

37
Q

It is a prerequisite for cell division.

It produces exactly similar copies of the genetic material.

It occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.

A

DNA Replication

38
Q

origin of replication

Initiation

A

sequence of hundreds of base pairs

39
Q

unwinds and unzips DNA forming the replication fork and bubble

Initiation

A

Helicase

40
Q

stabilize DNA

Initiation

A

Topoisomerase and single-stranded DNA binding proteins

41
Q

synthesizes new strands in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Elongation

A

DNA polymerase III

42
Q

Synthesis is continuous in the

Elongation

A

leading strand

43
Q

Synthesis is continuous in the leading strand.
It occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
It has the same direction as the _ _.

Elongation

A

replication fork

44
Q

Synthesis is discontinuous in the

Elongation

A

lagging strand

45
Q

Synthesis is discontinuous in the lagging strand.
It also occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
It occurs _ the direction of replication fork.

A

opposite

46
Q

Synthesis is discontinuous in the lagging strand.
It also occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
It occurs _ the direction of replication fork.

Elongation

A

opposite

47
Q

join the Okazaki fragments together by adding nucleotides in the gap

Elongation

A

DNA ligase

48
Q

DNA polymerase I replaces the primers.
DNA ligase seals the nicks and gaps.
Two copies of DNA are produced.

A

Termination

49
Q

replaces the primers

A

DNA polymerase I

50
Q

seals the nicks and gaps

A

DNA ligase

51
Q

seals the nicks and gaps

A

DNA ligase

52
Q

has proofreading mechanisms

A

DNA polymerase III

53
Q

happens when errors bypassed the polymerase proofreading

A

Mismatch repair

Science (49 decks)

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