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Science > G10 Nervous System & Homeostasis(Slides) > Flashcards

G10 Nervous System & Homeostasis(Slides) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

body’s master controlling system.

It performs our thoughts and actions.

A

Nervous System

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2
Q

Basic components of the Nervous System

A

brain
spinal cord
neuron

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3
Q

Two major divisions of the Nervous System

A

central nervous system (CNS)

periphereal nervous system (PNS)

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4
Q

composed of the brain and spinal cord which act as integrating command centers

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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5
Q

consists of the neurons that link the body organs to the CNS.

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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6
Q

are the basic units of the nervous system

are highly specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses or electrical messages from one body part to another

A

Neurons (nerve cells or nerves)

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7
Q

two common features of all types of neurons

A

cell body

neural processes or extensions

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8
Q

parts of a neuron

A

cell body (soma)
neural processes
synapse
myelin sheath

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9
Q

center of a neuron as it contains the nucleus

A

cell body (soma)

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10
Q

serve as passageways of signals

A

“arm-like” neural processes

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11
Q

transmit electrical signals toward the cell body

neural process

A

Dendrites

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12
Q

generate impulses away from the cell body

neural process

A

Axons

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13
Q

The axons branch out into hundreds of axon terminals, the small vessels that contain the neurotransmitters or chemical messengers of signals.

A
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14
Q

small vessels that contain the neurotransmitters or chemical messengers of signals

A

axon terminals

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15
Q

extracellular gap that links the neurons together

A

Synapse

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16
Q

a fatty material that insulates the neural processes

A

Myelin sheath

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17
Q

Classifications of Neurons

A

functional classification

structural classification

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18
Q

is based on the direction through which the nerve impulses travel relative to the CNS
(classification)

A

Functional classification

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18
Q

is based on the direction through which the nerve impulses travel relative to the CNS
(classification)

A

Functional classification

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19
Q

functional classification of neurons

A

sensory neurons/afferent neurons
motor neurons/efferent neurons
interneurons/assosications neurons

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20
Q

carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

A

Sensory neurons

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21
Q

referred to as afferent neurons, which literally means “to go toward.”

A

Sensory neurons

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22
Q

carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands of our body

A

Motor neurons

23
Q

referred to as efferent neurons which means “away from”

A

Motor neurons

24
Q

link the sensory and motor neurons to keep the flow of impulses between neurons

A

Interneurons

25
Q

are also called as association neurons

A

Interneurons

26
Q

based on the number of neural processes that extend from the cell body
(classification)

A

Structural classification

27
Q

structural classification of neurons

A

multipolar neuron
bipolar neuron
unipolar neuron

28
Q

has several dendrites and an axon

A

multipolar neuron

29
Q

All motor neurons and interneurons have this kind of neural structure.

A

multipolar neuron

30
Q

All motor neurons are _

A

multipolar

31
Q

are those that have one axon and one dendrite

A

Bipolar neurons

32
Q

are those that have one axon and one dendrite.

They are only found in sensory organs, like the ears and eyes, where they act as sensory receptors.

A

Bipolar neurons

33
Q

consist of a single neural process that extends from the cell body in the form of an axon

A

Unipolar neurons

34
Q

conducts nerve impulses both toward and away from the cell body

A

Unipolar neurons

35
Q

act as sensory neurons

Structural classification

A

unipolar neurons

36
Q

supporting cells that lump together to support and protect the nerve cells

cannot transmit impulses

A

Neuroglia (“nerve glue”)

37
Q

Neuroglia of the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes

38
Q

star-shaped cells with numerous projections that insulate most of the neural tissues

A

Astrocytes

39
Q

most abundant type of neuroglial cells in the CNS

A

Astrocytes

40
Q

spider-like cells that act as phagocytes to eliminate dead brain cells and bacteria found wandering in the brain

A

Microglia

41
Q

serve as the protectors of the CNS

A

Microglia

42
Q

form a series of cells that line the cavities of the brain and the spinal cord

A

Ependymal cells

43
Q

Specialized ependymal cells produce the

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

44
Q

are the supporting cells that produce the insulative myelin sheaths of the neural processes in the central nervous system

A

Oligodendrocytes

45
Q

Neuroglia of the PNS

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

46
Q

are specialized supporting cells that produce the myelin of neurons in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

47
Q

Have exposed membranes and cytoplasms; their CNS counterparts do not have

A

Schwann cells

48
Q

are flattened supporting cells wrapped around the cell bodies of sensory neurons in PNS

A

Satellite cells

49
Q

Their main function is to act as protective cushioning cells

A

Satellite cells

50
Q

General Functions of the Nervous System

A

sensory perception
integration
response production

51
Q

Sensory receptors incorporated in our organs receive different internal and external stimuli all the time called

A

sensory input

52
Q

Electrical signals sent by the sensory receptors are assessed in the brain through _ in which the involved organs will be tapped to create a response

A

integration

53
Q

Once the electrical signals have been assessed, the nervous system will activate the appropriate muscles or glands to create a response called the

A

motor output

54
Q

The nervous system is able to perform its functions as the control and coordinating center of all our organ systems.

However, it still needs the help of the other systems for the body to function optimally.

A

Science (49 decks)

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