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Science > G10 Effects of Electromagnetic Waves on the Environment > Flashcards

G10 Effects of Electromagnetic Waves on the Environment Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is the process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms (e.g., some bacteria and protists) use energy from sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen gas as by-product

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q 
sunlight
oxygen
carbon dioxide
sugar
water
A

-

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3
Q

starts with the use of light energy. This energy comes in the form of electromagnetic waves.

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

Each particle of light is called a _, each carrying discrete amount of energy

A

photon

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5
Q

The amount of energy an EM radiation carries depends on its _.

A

frequency

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6
Q

_ wave carry high amounts of energy while_ waves carry low energy.

A

High-frequency and low-frequency

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7
Q

energy from light is collected by light-absorbing molecules in the leaves of the plants called

A

pigments

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8
Q

Pigments can be classified into two groups

A

hlorophylls and carotenoids

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9
Q

is the most common pigment in plants

A

Chlorophyll

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10
Q

There are different types of chlorophyll present in a photosynthetic organism.

A
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11
Q

Photosynthesis happens in a phase called the

A

light-dependent reaction

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12
Q

when chlorophyll A absorbs light, electrons gain energy and become “excited which results in the splitting of _ molecules

A
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13
Q

In this reaction, when chlorophyll A absorbs light, electrons gain energy and become “excited which results in the splitting of water molecules and the transfer of energy to _

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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14
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

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15
Q

The electromagnetic spectrum is a huge collection of wavelengths of light. Among all these wavelengths, the human eye can only see a portion. This section of the spectrum is called

A

visible light

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16
Q

This part of the spectrum can be further divided into different subsections, each representative of a particular color, commonly known as the colors of a rainbow

A

ROYGBV

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17
Q

Objects around us absorb most light rays and also reflect some.
An object’s color is the _ of light which it reflects.

A

wavelength

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18
Q

The reflected wavelength are received by the _ and _ in the eye interpret these wavelengths as colors and send signals to our brains. This helps us perceive colors and see objects around us.

A

retina and the cones

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19
Q

Light bounces through objects and enters the eye through the

A

pupil

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20
Q

is a collection of muscles that contract and expand to regulate light entering the eye

A

iris

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21
Q

The light then passes through the _, which focuses the light to the _.

A

lens, retina

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22
Q

is made of a transparent liquid enclosed in a membrane

A

eye lens

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23
Q

The eye lens is made of a transparent liquid enclosed in a membrane. The thickness of this liquid is adjusted by the _ _ in order to focus on far or nearby objects.

A

ciliary muscles

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24
Q

The retina contains special cells called _ and _

A

cones and rods

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25
Q

are responsible for perceiving colors

A

Cones

26
Q

allow people to see in poor lighting conditions

A

rods

27
Q

is a phenomenon where in short wavelengths of radiation from the sun are absorbed when they pass through a transparent medium while longer wavelengths of radiation are trapped inside that medium

A

Greenhouse effect

28
Q

Greenhouse Effect was discovered by

A

Joseph Fourier in 1824

29
Q

was built by making a well-insulated box with layers of glass on the lid

A

A “greenhouse”

30
Q

The glass allows sunlight to come in, thereby heating the contents of the box. However, the sunlight that enters the greenhouse cannot go out anymore.

A

-

31
Q

is the most abundant in the atmosphere among all greenhouse gases

A

Carbon dioxide

32
Q

is released during the production of energy from fossil fuels.

A

Methane

33
Q

is a gas released by various industrial activities. This gas can remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years

A

Nitrous oxide

34
Q

is a gas released by various industrial activities. This gas can remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years

A

Nitrous oxide

35
Q

in the form of EM waves, reaches Earth atmosphere. Some of these waves are reflected back into space and the rest are absorbed. Thus, heating the lands and the oceans

A

Solar radiation

36
Q

Some of this heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, thus keeping Earth warm enough to be habitable.

A
37
Q

Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, car emissions and clearing of forested areas contribute to the increased amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

A
38
Q

is a permanent alteration in the genetic sequence which causes diversity among organisms

A

Genetic mutation

39
Q

are changes in the DNA sequence which are inherited by an offspring from a parent

A

Hereditary or germline mutations

40
Q

can be caused by factors such as radiation

A

Acquired or somatic mutations

41
Q

External influences, such as exposure to specific chemicals or radiation, can cause the DNA to break down. This leads to mutations where cells appear to have a slightly different DNA compared to the original. Cell division causes cells to split up the DNA as new cells are created

A
42
Q

is the type of radiation that can knock off an electron from its orbit. This causes direct DNA damage that results in genetic mutations

A

Ionizing radiation

43
Q

alpha, beta, and gamma radiation

A

ionizing radiation

44
Q

are particles which cannot pass through a piece of paper or the outermost layer of the skin, but if released from inside the body, can do great damage to the cells

A

Alpha particles

45
Q

are electrons which can burn the skin since they can penetrate the first layers of the skin

A

Beta particles

46
Q

contains huge amounts of energy which can cause a break in the DNA

A

Gamma radiation

47
Q

includes ultraviolet (UV) visible light, infrared (IR), microwave, radio frequency (RF), and extremely low frequency (ELF) waves

A

Nonionizing radiation

48
Q

In most cases, the skin generally absorbs radiation from nonionizing sources in the form of heat. This is why nonionizing radiation is not that harmful to humans.

A
49
Q

is the process that uses electromagnetic waves in the form of light as a source of energy to produce food in plants and photosynthetic organisms.

A

Photosynthesis

50
Q

Specifically, light-dependent reactions is a phase in photosynthesis where electrons absorb photons in the form of energy to split water molecules and transfer energy to ATP and NADPH.

A
51
Q

are responsible for the absorption of specific wavelength of visible light and reflection of others.

A

Pigments

52
Q

The visible light spectrum, composing the colors ROYGBV, is the only EM wave that the human eye can perceive.

A
53
Q

Light bounces through objects, enters the eye through the pupil, passes through the lens, and is focused to the retina

A
54
Q

Retina contains photoreceptors which are _, responsible for perceiving colors; and, _ which control the light intensity entering the eye

A

cones,rods

55
Q

is a phenomenon where longer wavelengths of radiation are trapped inside that medium

A

Greenhouse effect

56
Q

contributes primarily to greenhouse effect. Other greenhouse gases include methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases, etc.

A

Carbon dioxide

57
Q

Trapped heat by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere keeps the Earth warm enough to be _.

A

habitable

58
Q

There are two types of genetic mutation, germline or somatic. Somatic mutation is caused by factors such as radiation

A
59
Q

Ionizing radiation comes from electromagnetic waves with sufficiently high energy that can possibly cause cellular and DNA damage. The most common types of ionizing radiation are alpha, beta, and gamma radiation

A
60
Q

_ _ is from electromagnetic waves with relatively low radiation levels believed to be harmless to humans.

A

Nonionizing radiation

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