G10 The Reproductive System: Parts and Functions(The Female Reproductive System) Flashcards
functions of the human female reproductive system
egg cell production
fertilization
hormone production
pregnancy
The female reproductive system is responsible for the nourishment and development of the female gametes.
Egg Cell Production
_, which involves the production, nourishment, and development of gametes occurs here.
(Egg Cell Production)
Gametogenesis
The type of gametogenesis in female organisms is known as
oogenesis
The egg cells are stored in the ovaries until they are released in a process known as
ovulation
The female reproductive system is responsible for maintaining the necessary conditions for fertilization to occur.
Fertilization
After the egg is fertilized, through the female reproductive system prepares the body for pregnancy.
There are cells in the organs of the female reproductive system that serve to produce hormones to be delivered to the different parts of the body.
Hormone Production
functions of hormones
signaling the body to prepare for puberty
triggering the changes that happen in preparation for pregnancy
The organs of the female reproductive system work together in order to allow the body to accommodate pregnancy. Many changes happen to a woman’s body during this time, and many of these changes are triggered by the female reproductive system’s release of signals.
Pregnancy
The female reproductive system is comprised of organs that can be found internally or externally.
These organs are classified into the _ _ _ and the _ _ _.
internal reproductive system and the external reproductive system
internal reproductive system
vagina
uterus
fallopian tubes
ovaries
an elastic, muscular canal that connects the external reproductive system to the cervix
vagina
primary function of the vagina
receive the penis and sperm during sexual intercourse and to pass blood during menstruation
also the passageway of the baby during delivery. Hence, it is also called the birth canal
vagina
The pH of the vagina is _. This is to protect the vagina from sources like bacteria or fungi.
acidic
The reason for the vagina’s acidity is due to the pH alteration by certain bacteria, like Lactobacillus acidophilus, which is somewhat mutualistic with humans.
lower portion of the uterus is the cervix, a muscle that holds the fetus during pregnancy
Cervix
The cervix _ once the baby is ready to be born.
expands
facilitates the transport and nourishment of sperm to aid in fertilization, and also plays a role in hormonal signaling
cervical mucus
can also be used as an indicator of a woman’s fertility
cervical mucus
dry phase
sticky phase
creamy phase
clear phase
sticky phase
non-fertile
creamy phase
semi fertile
clear phase
fertile
a hollow muscular organ that lies between the urinary bladder and the rectum
uterus
has a very soft lining that holds the fertilized egg and nurtures it until it becomes a fetus
Uterus
three distinct layers of uterine wall
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
outermost layer of the uterus, and it provides support to the entire organ
perimetrium
middle layer, and the thickest one. It contains smooth muscles, and responsible for uterine contractions
myometrium
innermost layer. It maintains the structural integrity of the uterus and is the part that usually sheds off in some parts of the menstrual cycle
endometrium
connect the ovaries to the uterus
fallopian tubes
These are narrow 10 centimeter-long tubes from which the eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus during the process of ovulation. Their primary function is to transport the egg cell properly.
two types of columnar cells in the fallopian tubes
ciliated cells
non-ciliated cells
propel the egg cells to the uterus during ovulation.
ciliated cells of the fallopian tube
produce secretions in order to aid the ciliated cells with propulsion
non-ciliated cells
wavelike motions seen in the digestive system known as _ can also be witnessed in the fallopian tube, and this motion also aids the movement of the egg cell during ovulation
peristalsis
female gonad that contains the egg cells. It produces female sex hormones, estrogen, and progesterone.
ovary
At birth, a female baby has around _ immature egg cells in each ovary. The eggs mature and are released during puberty.
70 000
The hormones _ and _ control the menstrual cycle and maintain the secondary sexual characteristics of females.
estrogen and progesterone
These hormones are also responsible for some of the changes that happen during pregnancy. Estrogen is the primary female hormone.
external parts of the female reproductive system
labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, mons pubis
also known as the mons, is a layer of fat that covers part of the pubic bones.
This structure contains glands that are capable of secreting pheromones
mons pubis
encloses and protects all the external reproductive organs. It contains sweat glands and oil-secreting glands
Labia majora
One of the structures covered by the labia majora is the vaginal orifice, which is the outer opening of the vagina. This structure contains the hymen, which is a thin layer of membrane that serves to protect the vagina.
the outer opening of the vagina
vaginal orifice
a thin layer of membrane that serves to protect the vagina
hymen
surrounds the openings of the vagina and urethra
Labia minora
serves to protect the vaginal and urethral openings
labia minora
is found in between the clitoris and the vagina and serves as the opening for the urethra which is a part of the excretory system as the exit point for urine
urethral orifice
small, sensitive protrusion at which the two labia minora meet. The clitoris itself, however, does not have any significant reproductive function.
clitoris
The human female reproductive system has several functions, some of which are for egg cell production, fertilization, and development of the zygote into a new organism.
The type of gametogenesis in female organisms is known as oogenesis.
The egg cells are stored in the ovaries until they are released in a process known as ovulation.
The female reproductive system is comprised of organs that can be found internally or externally.
The internal reproductive system is composed of the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. All structures outside the vagina are part of the external reproductive system.
