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Science > G10 Tectonic Plates > Flashcards

G10 Tectonic Plates Flashcards

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1
Q

Blocks that are primarily sturdy, with margins that trace earthquake zones lying along the network of ridges and trenches

A

Tectonic Plates

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2
Q

Models for Plate Movement

A

Kinematics and Dynamics

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3
Q

structures are examined and compared to the movements of blocks of Earth’s surface, ignoring underlying forces.

A

Kinematics

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4
Q

forces and processes resulting in material movement throughout Earth

A

Dynamics

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5
Q

is the continental drift hypothesis and seafloor spreading hypothesis combined.

A

Plate Tectonic Theory

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6
Q

Argues close kinship among sets of continents, as well as their geological characteristics.

A

Continental Drift Theory

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7
Q

The Earth’s ancient supercontinent

A

Pangaea

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8
Q

Explains the formation of new oceanic crust which leads to the movement of plates.

A

Seafloor Spreading

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9
Q

There are only seven major plates which include

A 
North America, 
South America, 
Pacific, 
African, 
Eurasian, 
Australian-Indian, and 
Antarctic plates.
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10
Q

Factors Affecting Plate Movements

A

Solid-state flow model, Hotspots

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11
Q

Relies on temperature and phase changes.

A

Solid-state flow model

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12
Q

Areas with abnormally high volcanic activity hat have remained stationary for a very long time.

A

Hotspot

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13
Q

radioactivity causes magma to rise where it expands to produce the plates above Earth’s surface.

A

Solid-State Flow Model

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14
Q

The _, _ plates descend, replacing the hotter material below.

Can be likened to a kettle.
(Solid-State Flow Model)

A

older, denser

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15
Q

gravitational factors

A

ridge push, slab pull

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16
Q

This is a force that causes hotter, less dense material to force itself up through a ridge.

A

Ridge push

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17
Q

This is the pulling of oceanic lithosphere downward at subduction zones.

A

Slab pull

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18
Q

3 main processes that affect mantle convection

A

heating at the bottom caused by the heat loss from Earth’s core.

heating due to radioactive decay

cooling on the surface creating thick, cold lithospheric slabs denser than the mantle.

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19
Q

is the supercontinent of ancient Earth.

A

Pangaea

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20
Q

The northern landmass was

Pangaea

A

Laurasia

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21
Q

The southern landmass(Pangaea)

A

Gondwana

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22
Q

Evidence that Supports Plate Movement

A

Continental Fit, Fossil Evidence, Paleomagnetic Data,

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23
Q

Some continents’ shapes fit each other.

Scientists believe, with evidence, that these continents were once connected to each other.

A

Continental Fit

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24
Q

can be found in separate continents even though they are from the same species.

A

Fossils of animals and plants

Fossil evidence

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25
Q

Specific deposits also provide _ _ _ in conditions across continents.

(Fossil Evidence)

A

evidences of similarities

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26
Q

a series of rock deposits that provides evidence for these assemblages

(Fossil Evidence)

A

Gondwana Rock Succession

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27
Q

has an influence of patterns in rocks, which coincide with shifts in the _ _ _

(Paleomagnetic Data)

A

Earth’s magnetic pole

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28
Q

The Earth’s magnetic pole has an influence of patterns in rocks, which coincide with shifts in the Earth’s magnetic pole.

This serves as evidence because their magnetic north was found to be _.

A

discordant

29
Q

Can rock patterns be founf in Reykjanes Ridge?

A

Yes

30
Q

implications of Plate Tectonics

A 
rate of plate movements, 
geologic history of localities, 
mineral explorations, 
hazard predictions, and 
urban planning
31
Q

Plate tectonics elucidates the geologic history of localities by providing an explanation for the regional settings and processes of an area, painting a more vivid picture of the geologic record.

(Geologic History)

A

-

32
Q

As a result of tracing an area’s geologic history, mineral explorers

(Mineral Explorations)

A

can more easily trace and quantify deposits

33
Q

Geologic maps show these features.

A

-

34
Q

Most of the seismicity can be found

Hazard Prediction

A

along plate boundaries

35
Q

Studying these boundaries can allow humans to

Hazard Prediction

A

predict any hazards within the area.

36
Q

Only _ was connected to other landmasses in the past.

The rest of the Philippines emerged from the ocean.

A

Palawan

37
Q

Other crustal movements that are not related to seismic activities.

These are usually less intense compared to seismic activity.

A

Aseismic Activity

38
Q

As a result of hazard predictions, humans can also properly plan the arrangement of urban settlements.

A

Urban Planning

39
Q

Institutes in the Philippines that study seismology

A

DOST, PHIVOLCS

40
Q

DOST

A

The Department of Science and Technology

41
Q

PHIVOLCS

A

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, an arm of DOST.

42
Q

Fossil assemblages among the continents possess differences, indicating that the fossilized organisms had to have crossed the continents via _ _.

A

land bridges

43
Q

is a specific temperature at which materials change or lose their magnetism

A

Curie point

44
Q

is not static, rather, it frequently switches polarities. These changes are referred to as magnetic reversals.

A

Earth’s magnetic field

45
Q

Earth’s magnetic field frequently switches polarities. These changes are referred to as

A

magnetic reversals

46
Q

Plates move extremely slowly most of the time for extended periods of time. This slow movement is referred to as

A

creep

47
Q

Crustal movements having less intensity than those related to tectonic belts are classified as

A

aseismic

48
Q

is in charge of reducing the impacts of natural disasters.

A

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

49
Q

developed,
was widely advocated by ​ Alfred
Wegener in 1915.

A

Continental Drift Theory

50
Q

developed,
was widely advocated by ​ Alfred
Wegener in 1915.

A

Continental Drift Theory

51
Q

In 1962, Harry Hess pioneered the concept of

A

seafloor spreading

52
Q

a specific
point
where three plate boundaries converge

A

triple junction

53
Q

arm of the triple junction that failed to

produce an ocean basin, it is referred to as an

A

aulacogen

54
Q

In the 1930s, ​ Arthur
Holmes
heavily
advocated

A

solid-state flow model

55
Q

moves material underneath the plates

sideward, but its effect is​ so small that it is considered negligible

A

Mantle drag

56
Q

are rising columns of hot
rocks from the lower mantle and cause
melting ​ as they reach the surface, hence
another mechanism for plate motion

A

Mantle plumes

57
Q

mantle is divided into two zones of
convection which is a thin layer in the upper mantle at a depth of 660 kilometers
and a thick layer located below. This model is known as ​

A

layer cake model

58
Q

where denser oceanic
lithosphere sinks and may even reach the core-mantle boundary. This material
eventually melts and rises toward the surface of Earth.

A

whole mantle convection

59
Q

indicate a large ice sheet encompassing broad areas of

today’s southern continents

A

Glacial deposits

60
Q

marked an

ancient desert

A

evaporites and sandstones

61
Q

rates of continental advancement and seafloor spreading are determined by
measuring the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. In fact, the locations
of the continents prior to Pangaea’s breakup were also accurately pinpointed
through this method

A

widths of the magnetic stripes on the seafloor

61
Q

rates of continental advancement and seafloor spreading are determined by
measuring the

A

widths of the magnetic stripes on the seafloor

62
Q

oceanic plate’s speed

A

6-9cm

63
Q

oceanic plate’s speed

A

6-9cm/year

64
Q

continental plate’s speed

A

2 cm/year

65
Q

elucidates the geologic history of localities by providing an
explanation for the regional settings and processes of an area, painting a more
vivid picture of the geologic record

A

Plate tectonics

66
Q

an essential material in
mineral explorations. It provides various
information that is important in locating for new mineral deposits. It makes use of the morphology of rocks bodies as well as age relationships between rock units.

A

geologic map

67
Q 
use
surface modifications that
are being recorded with
time which can be used to
make
three
or
four-dimensional geologic
models.
A

Tectonic processes

68
Q

areas where

settlements must not be built

A

​ permanent danger zones

Science (49 decks)

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