G10 Volcano Flashcards
A zone within the Pacific ocean that covers a collection of moving plate edges forming a “ring” of volcanoes that cause earthquakes.
Pacific Ring of Fire
A 40 000-kilometer, horseshoe-shaped basin that is associated with oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and plate movements.
Pacific Ring of Fire
The Philippines is an archipelago surrounded by _ _ that provides ideal condition for volcanic formation resulting to highly active seismicity and volcanism in the country
subducting plates
Buoyant molten rock also known as
Magma
Buoyant molten rock also known as magma rises toward the surface and extruded as lava during a
Volcanic Eruption
are those volcanoes that erupted within the last 10 000 years.
Active Volcanoes
As of 2008, PHIVOLCS listed _ active volcanoes.
23
It is the most active volcano in the country located in Albay.
It is famous because of its almost perfect cone shape.
Mayon Volcano
It is a volcanic caldera composed of several active volcanic landforms making it a complex type of volcano.
Taal Volcano
It is another active stratovolcano located in Negros Oriental.
Its latest activity was in June 18, 2016 according to PHIVOLCS.
Kanlaon Volcano
It is located in the province of Sorsogon
It is a stratovolcano formed inside a caldera.
Its latest activity was in March 2, 2017.
Bulusan Volcano
borders of Zambales, Tarlac, Pampanga
Pinatubo Volcano
Volcanoes that do not have any historical record of any eruption but are considered as morphologically young.
Potentially Active Volcanoes
Examples of Potentially Volcanoes
Apo Volcano Corregidor Isarog Lapac Malindig Malandagan
Volcanoes have not erupted for at least 10 000 years and are not expected to erupt again in the future.
The morphology of these volcanoes was already modified by weathering and erosion.
Inactive Volcanoes
Numbers of Volcano
23 potentially, 26 potentially active, 281 inactive
occur when rocks in the lithosphere rupture or move in order to release accumulated energy and stress
Earthquakes
are breaks in Earth’s crust where rocks move or slide past one another. There should be an apparent displacement for a break or a fracture for it to be considered as a fault
Fault
surface where the slip occurs
fault plane
location below Earth’s surface where the earthquake originate
hypocenter
surface directly above the hypocenter
Most of the time, it is the area where the greatest damage takes place during earthquakes.
epicenter
It is the measure of the degree of shaking experienced in an area.
Intensity
It is a quantitative measurement that relies on the data from seismic records along with other techniques to estimate the amount of the energy released.
Magnitude
are the East Luzon Trough and Philippine Trench.
Eastern part
has the Manila Trench, Negros Trench, Sulu Trench, and Cotabato Trench.
Western region
is a 1 200-km fault zone cutting almost the whole archipelago.
Philippine Fault or Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ)
Faults in the Philippines
Valley Fault System or Marikina Valley Fault, Legaspi Lineament, Macolod Corridor, Tablas Lineament, Lubang-Verde Passage Fault System, Mindanao Fault and, Mindoro or Aglubang Fault, Offshore Cebu-Bohol faults. Sibuyan Sea Fault,
Historical accounts of earthquakes only started during the Spanish colonization in the
late 15th century
instrumentally-derived parameters for earthquakes started in
1892 onwards
Casiguran Aurora, Ragay Gulf, Mindanao, Panay, and Nueva, Ecija are areas in the Philippines where the strongest earthquakes occurred with magnitude _
> 7.0
is the shaking of Earth’ surface resulted from the sudden release of energy due to the movement of tectonic plates
Earthquakes
Location of Taal
Batangas
Location of Kanlaon
Negros Oriental
Location of Bulusan
Sorsogon
a volcanic landform associated with depression in a circular form and has a diameter exceeding one kilometer.
caldera
Hibok-hibok
Camiguin
Kanlaon
Negros Oriental
Pinatubo
Boundaries of Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales
Taal
Batangas
Apo
Davao
Corregidor
Bataan
Isarog
Caramines Sur
Malindig
Marindique
Bontes
Negros Oriental
other faults
Valley Fault System Marikina Valley Fault, Macolod Corridor Lubang-Verde Passage Fault System, Mindoro or Aglubang Fault, Sibuyan Sea Fault, Legaspi Lineament, Tablas Lineament, Mindanao Fault and, and Offshore Cebu-Bohol faults.
Eastern part of PH
East Luzon Through, Philippine Trench
Western region of PH
Manila Trench, Negros Trench, Sulu Trench, Cotobato
destructive earthquake
Casiguran, Aurora Ragay Gulf, Bicol Region Mindanao/ Moro Golf Panay/ Culasi, Antique Luzon/ Rizal, Nueva Ecija
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West Valley Fault
a belt of Earth’s crust involved in mountain formation caused by the compression of ancient sedimentary and igneous terrane
orogen
the central mountain chain of Luzon which cuts across the north to the Luzon Strait from the northern boundary of the central plain. T
Central Cordillera
highest peak of Central Cordillera
Mt. Pulag
longest mountain
range in the country
It is one of the oldest orogens in the archipelago. It runs in the north-south direction from the provinces of Cagayan to the north and Quezon to the south. It covers the areas of Aurora, Bulacan, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Quirino, and Rizal province.
The range’s
highest point is still unclear since
several peaks are considered as
the highest. For example, Mount Anacuao in Aurora has a height of 1 850 meters
while Mount Cetaceo in Cagayan has the same altitude as well. In April 2012, Mount
Guiwan in Nueva Vizcaya had a preliminary measurement of 1 915 meters on the
summit.
Sierra Madre Mountain
Range
connect Sierra Madre Mountain with the Central Cordillera. The mountain range is located in the province of Nueva Vizcaya. It serves as the location of the headwaters of Cagayan River which is the longest river in the country. This mountain range reaches an altitude of 1 680 meters.
Caraballo Mountains
lies on
the western island of Luzon.
It separates Luzon’s central plain from the South China Sea. It extends from western Pangasinan province, the whole length of Zambales, to the tip of the Bataan Peninsula in the south. Its most noticeable feature is the Cabusilan Mountain Range comprised of Mt. Pinatubo, Mount Negron, and Mount Cuadrado. These mountains are believed to be volcanic in origin, but the only active volcano in the mountain range is Mt. Pinatubo.
Zambales Mountains
an abducted slice of
oceanic crust emplaced during
subduction
ophiolite
highest peak of Zambales Mountains
Mt Tapulao
longest mountain range in Panay Island.
It cuts across the center of Panay Island.
Central Panay Mountain Range
highest point of Central Panay Mountain Range
Mount Madjaas
In the central portion of the
province of Bukidnon
. This
mountain range is situated in
Northern Mindanao.
This mountain range is also where
the major river systems in
Bukidnon originate.
Kalatungan Mountain Range
highest point of Kalatungan Mountain Range
Mount Kalatungan
is located in the northern central part of Bukidnon province. It is also where the headwater catchment areas of several major river systems in the north and central Mindanao are located. Along with Kitanglad, these rivers are considered as protected areas by the Philippine government.
Kitanglad Mountain Range
highest point of Kitanglad Mountain Range
Mount Dulang-dulang
is
considered as the Central
Cordillera of Mindanao. It is also
an orogen. It passes through the provinces of Misamis Oriental, Bukidnon, Agusan
del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, and Davao del Sur. Headwaters of
Mindanao River, Pulangi River, and Davao River originate from this mountain rang
Pantaron Moutain Eange
main plates
North America, South America, Pacific, African, Eurasian, Australian-Indian, and Antarctic plate
intermediate plates
Caribbean, Nazca, Philippine, Arabian, Cocos, Scotia, and Juan de Fuca
PHIVOLCS
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
