G10 DNA(Slides Summary) Flashcards
monomers of nucleic acids
nucleotides
components of nucleotides
a five-carbon sugar
a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base
strand of nucleic acids is formed by linked nucleotides together by
phosphodiester bonds
DNA strand has a _ _ where the phosphate group is found
5’ end
DNA strand has a _ _ where the sugar molecule is located
3’ end
Double helix is _ - handed
right
The double helix twissts in the clockwise direction which results in the formation of major and minor _.
grooves
The DNA sequence can be represented by its nitrogenous bases.
are nucleic acids involved in protein synthesis
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids involved in protein synthesis. It uses _ instead of thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases.
uracil
a principle that the genetic information contained in the DNA is replicated and transferred to RNA molecules that direct the synthesis of protein molecules
central dogma of molecular biology
a semiconservative process wherein DNA molecules are duplicated during cell division and passed on to each daughter cell.
Replication
involves unwinding and unzipping by the helicase and the stabilization by the topoisomerase and SSBPs
Initiation of replication
involves the continous and discontinous synthesis in the leading and lagging strands by the DNA polymerase III
Elongation stage (of replication)
occurs when the two strands are already bound to each other. DNA polymerase I replaces primers, and DNA ligase seals the gaps.
Termination of replication
The cell has no 100%-accurate replication machinery. However, it has proofreading and mismatch repair mechanisms.
are involved in the translation and transcription of genetic information in DNA
Ribonucleic acids or RNAs
Ribonucleic acids contains uracil instead of _.
thymine
process of converting the genetic information in DNA to synthesize mRNA
Transcription
three types of RNA
messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing the complementary RNA called primary transcript
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing the complementary RNA called
primary transcript
Transcription starts at
promoter region
Transcription ends in
terminator sequence
Transcription starts at the promoter region and ends in the terminator sequence. The mRNA detaches to form a
hairpin structure
_ _ of the pre-mRNA involves splicing to remove introns and the addition of 5’ cap and 3’ poly-A tail
Post-transcriptional modification
Post-transcriptional modification of the pre-mRNA involves splicing to remove _ and the addition of 5’ cap and 3’ poly-A tail.
introns
Post-transcriptional modification of the pre-mRNA involves splicing to remove introns and the addition of 5’ _ and 3’ poly-A _.
cap, tail
involves the formation of the translation complex consisting of the mRNA, 70S ribosome, and the initiator tRNA
Initiation of translation
involves the cycle of entry into A site and exit through E site by the tRNAs
Elongation of translation
Elongation involves the cycle of entry into A site and exit through E site by the tRNAs. The _ _ elongates in this stage.
polypeptide chain
involves the recognition of one of the three stop codons (i.e., UAA, UAG, or UGA).
Termination of translation
three stop codons
UAA
UAG
UGA
