G10 Hormones and the Reproductive System(Puberty)

Question 1

Puberty typically starts at ages 10–11 for females, and about 11–12 for males. However, it may vary from individual to individual.

Question 2

Puberty is initiated by various hormonal signals from the brain to the reproductive organs or gonads.

Question 3

In response to the signals, the gonads produce hormones that promote growth and maturation of different parts of the body such as muscles, skin, hair, and breasts.

Question 4

The changes between males and females vary, but the common denominator between both sexes is the preparation of the body for reproductive maturity.

Question 5

primary glands that are involved in puberty

Answer 5

pituitary gland

hypothalamus

Question 6

refer to organs specifically needed for reproduction

Answer 6

Primary sex characteristics

Question 7

considered the female primary sex characteristics because these are directly involved in reproduction

Answer 7

ovaries

uterus

Question 8

are for producing egg cells

Answer 8

ovaries

Question 9

where the fetus develops after fertilization

Answer 9

uterus

Question 10

male primary sex characteristics

Answer 10

include the testes, as these structures are responsible for producing sperm

Question 11

Humans cannot reproduce without the primary sex organs. However, this is not to say that the other organs of the reproductive system are less important. These also serve the supporting functions that allow proper reproduction or conception to occur.

Question 12

The physical characteristics that develop during puberty

Answer 12

secondary sex characteristics

Question 13

Examples of secondary sex characteristics

Answer 13

growth of facial hair in males,
development of breasts in females,
growth of armpit hair for both sexes.

Question 14

primary hormones that affect the development of secondary sex characteristics

Answer 14

testosterone for males

estrogen for females

Question 15

The primary hormones that affect the development of secondary sex characteristics are testosterone for males and estrogen for females. These hormones are produced by the gonads, and production is increased during puberty. This then leads to the development of secondary sex characteristics during and after the age of puberty.

Question 16

Many characteristics are different for males and females, although some of them are shared between both. Many of these are not directly involved in reproduction. However, some of these secondary sex characteristics may aid in reproduction or pregnancy.

Question 17

An example of a secondary sex characteristic that aids in pregnancy

Answer 17

(development of wider hips for females), as this allows for more space for the fetus, and aids in childbirth.

Question 18

refers to the development of the reproductive organs, or gonads, during puberty

Answer 18

Gonadarche

Question 19

The gonads in males are the testes and the ovaries in females.

Question 20

When the brain releases pituitary _, the gonads grow and mature. This also causes an increase in the production of sex hormones by the gonads.

Answer 20

gonadotropins

Question 21

refers to puberty that starts earlier than the average

Answer 21

Precocious puberty

Question 22

puberty that starts later than the average

Answer 22

delayed puberty

Question 23

The major sign of puberty in males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13.

Question 24

For females, the major sign of puberty is the first menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13.

Question 25

The most common signs of puberty for both sex are the following:

Question 26

The changes in puberty are largely influenced by hormonal activity.

Question 27

Hormones play an organizational role and an activational role during puberty.

Question 28

to prime the body to behave in a certain way once puberty begins

Answer 28

organizational role of hormones

Question 29

to trigger certain behavioral and physical changes

Answer 29

activational role of hormones

Question 30

The hormones that influence puberty are secreted by the endocrine glands

Answer 30

the hypothalamus,
the pituitary gland,
and the gonads

Question 31

Puberty happens in preparation for sexual maturity. It is initiated by various hormonal signals from the brain to the reproductive organs or gonads.
Primary sex characteristics refer to organs specifically needed for reproduction.
The primary sex organs of males are the testes. The ovaries and the uterus are for females.
Gonadarche refers to the development of the reproductive organs, or gonads, during puberty.
The hormones that influence puberty are secreted by the endocrine glands: pituitary gland and gonads.